Proniosome: A Novel Non-Ionic Provesicules as Potential Drug Carrier

Abstract

Vesicular systems are a novel means of drug delivery that can enhance the bioavailability of encapsulated drug and provide therapeutic activity in a controlled manner for a prolonged period of time. Liposomes were the first such system, but they suffer from a number of drawbacks including high cost and lack of stability at various pHs. To avoid the drawback of liposomes, niosomes were invented, which can be easily and reliably made in the laboratory. Niosomes are the ideal means of drug delivery that can enhance the bioavailability of encapsulated drug by various mechanisms and provide a therapeutic activity for a prolonged period of time. However, they suffer from aggregation, fusion, leaking, sedimentation of vesicles, and difficulty in sterilization; so to overcome these problems, a newer approach was employed which is known as pro-vesicular carriers. Here, in this review, we elaborate one of the pro-vesicular carriers, widely known as proniosome. This review covers all the aspects of proniosomes including mechanism, formulation variables and their effects, methods of preparation, parameters for characterizations, and application.

Niosome: A Promising Nanocarrier for Natural Drug Delivery through Blood-Brain Barrier

“…As the HLB value of surfactant increases, therefore, alkyl chain rises, thereby, the size of niosomes rises. Therefore, HLB rate 14–17 is not suitable for niosomes formulation [34, 35]. Beyond amount of surfactant, the surfactant structure played main role for stability and privation vesicle aggregation of niosomes by repulsion of steric or electrostatic force [35].…”

Development of Provesicular Nanodelivery System of Curcumin as a Safe and Effective Antiviral Agent: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and Antiviral Effectiveness

“…Its addition improves the stability of the lipid bilayer by increasing the gel liquid transition temperature of the vesicle [17]. Hydrophilic carriers increase the surface area, impart flexibility in the ratio of surfactant and other constituents, and provide more efficient loading [55]. Maltodextrin was selected as the coating carrier due to its safety and good aqueous solubility for ease of reconstitution.…”

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“…1) Increasing temperature at Kraft"s point 2) Addition of solvents 3) Using both temperature and solvent Formation of Niosomes from Proniosomes: [23][24][25][26] The niosomes can be prepared from the proniosomes by adding the aqueous phase with the drug to the proniosomes with brief agitation at a temperature greater than the mean transition phase temperature of the surfactant. the sorbitol carrier is soluble in the organic solvent, it is necessary to repeat the process until the desired surfactant load has been achieved.…”