Promising Electrode and Electrolyte Materials for High‐Energy‐Density Thin‐Film Lithium Batteries

Abstract

All-solid-state thin-film lithium batteries (TFLBs) are the ideal wireless power sources for on-chip micro/nanodevices due to the significant advantages of safety, portability, and integration. As the bottleneck for increasing the energy density of TFLBs, the key components of cathode, electrolyte, and anode are still underway to be improved. In this review, a brief history of TFLBs is first outlined by presenting several TFLB configurations. Based on the state-of-the-art materials developed for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the challenges and related strategies for the application of those potential electrode and electrolyte materials in TFLBs are discussed. Given the advanced manufacture and characterization techniques, the recent advances of TFLBs are reviewed for pursuing the high-energy-density and long-termdurability demands, which could guide the development of future TFLBs and analogous all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Flexible Ti3C2Tx/Carbon Nanotubes/CuS Film Electrodes Based on a Dual-Structural Design for High-Performance All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

“…Solid-state power sources, such as all-solid-state batteries and supercapacitors (SCs), have been widely recognized as having a higher energy density and being mechanically more flexible and stable than classic liquid electrolyte batteries and supercapacitors. − The incorporation of solid-state batteries and SCs in modern electronics thus has been ubiquitously seen in wearable and portable electronics, , electronic skins, flexible displays and sensors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photovoltaics, and implantable biomedical products . Compared to batteries, SCs are well-known to be lightweight devices with a high power density and long circling life, making them more amenable for broad applications in flexible electronics. − The fabrication of flexible SCs usually involves the deposition of bendable freestanding films assembled from two-dimensional (2D) colloidal materials that possess a high specific surface area and adequate flexibility endowed by their few-atom-thick-layer characteristics. − Particularly, a new and unique family of graphene-like 2D transition-metal carbides/nitrides and carbonitrides, named as MXene, has shown great promise to produce high-performance SC electrodes thanks to their superior metallic conductivity and tunable functional surfaces that offer further improvement of pesudocapacitance. − ,− Among dozens of MXenes synthesized, Ti 3 C 2 T x is the predominant choice of electrode materials for flexible SCs in pursuing high energy density and power density owing to its high proton accessibility and sufficient redox-active sites.…”

Ultrahigh-power iron oxysulfide thin films for microbatteries

“…Thin-film batteries (TFBs) are solid-state batteries that serve as an ideal micropower source for microelectronic devices, which is an impossible mission for other assembled cells employing bulktype solid-state or liquid electrolytes [1][2][3]. In terms of integratability, TFBs fabricated following an all-in-one design philosophy and physical vapor deposition methods are the most applicable type for integration with microelectronic devices in the Internet of Things (IoT), e.g., for radio frequency (RF) identification, distributed sensor networks, microelectromechanical systems, and wearable or implantable devices [4,5].…”

“…Therefore, effective adhesion of thin films on the substrates is mandatory to achieve a desirable film activity [18,19]. In this context, commonly used cathodes such as commercial LiCoO 2 thin films are normally fabricated by sputtering and high-temperature posttreatment, which is catastrophic when directly integrated with functional materials, precise electronic circuits, or flexible plastic substrates [4,[20][21][22]. Hence, the development of a cathode material prepared at low temperature is required.…”

Leveraging Synergies by Combining Polytetrafluorethylene with Polyvinylidene Fluoride for Solvent‐Free Graphite Anode Fabrication

“…[16] The thin-film batteries prepared by vapor deposition exhibited good performance, such as high energy density, [17,18] long cycling life, [19] and improved rate capability. [20,21] However, vapor deposition technology is only suitable for the fabrication of electrode with small size, mainly for microelectronic devices and highly integrated circuits. The expensive equipment and complicated film-forming process, high energy consumption, and low areal capacity limit its application in EVs or even 3C consumer electronics.…”