Prolactin and Growth Hormone in Patients with Pituitary Adenomas: A Correlative Study of Hormone in Tumor and Plasma by Immunoperoxidase Technique and Radioimmunoassay

Zimmerman, Earl A.; Defendini, Richard; Frantz, Andrew G.

doi:10.1210/jcem-38-4-577

Cited by 162 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The volume percentage of mammotrophs observed in the cycling female rat AP (table II) was similar to that re ported elsewhere on the basis of immunocytochemical iden tification [19,20,38]. In conditions of physiological hyper prolactinemia such as pregnancy [25,28] and lactation [18,24,28], or in experimental situations such as AP explants [15], stalk section [I] and primary cultures [32], mammo trophs have been judged qualitatively to be hypertrophied and/or hyperplastic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Mammotroph and Gonadotroph Volume Percentage in the Rat Anterior Pituitary after Lesion of the Medial Basal Hypothalamus

Cronin

Cheung²,

Weiner

et al. 1982

Neuroendocrinology

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A lesion of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) results in enhanced secretion of prolactin and reduced release of the other hormones from the anterior pituitary. We measured the volume percentage of the prolactin-secreting mammotrophs, stained immunocytochemically, under several experimental conditions to assess the morphological correlate of the high secretion of prolactin. In addition, gonadotrophs were stained both tinctorially with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent and immunocytochemically with antibodies to luteinizing hormone. Anterior pituitaries were studied from female rats which were:(1) cycling, (2) ovariectomized for 2 weeks, (3) ovariectomized for 2 weeks with a lesion of the MBH for 1. 14 or 21 days. The volume percentage of mammotrophs and gonadotrophs in the lateral, central and middle fields of the anterior pituitary was determined and this measurement was expressed relative to endocrine cellular area so that vascular space and necrotic regions would not be included in the assessment. Ovariectomy significantly decreased mammotroph and increased gonadotroph volume percentage when compared to the intact animal. MBH lesions had the opposite effect. At 14 and 21 days after a lesion, the volume percentage of mammotrophs was significantly greater than in the intact rat, while the volume percentage of gonadotrophs was identical to that observed in the intact rat. These data suggest that the elimination of the prolactin-inhibitory hormone(s) of the MBH results in hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of mammotrophs. This effect occurs in the absence of ovarian steroids and may be of importance in the induction of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. The data also support the hypothesis that destruction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron terminals countermands the hypertrophy of gonadotrophs induced by ovariectomy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Mammotroph and Gonadotroph Volume Percentage in the Rat Anterior Pituitary after Lesion of the Medial Basal Hypothalamus

Cronin

Cheung²,

Weiner

et al. 1982

Neuroendocrinology

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“…It became possible to demonstrate elevated blood prolactin levels not only in cases of Forbes-Albright syndrome but also in an appreciable number of "clinically nonfunctioning" chromophobe adenomas (Boyar et al, 1974;Tolis et al, 1974;Zimmerman et al, 1974). Prolactin secreting tumors are more common than was previously assumed and as many as 20-25 per cent of all pituitary adenomas might arise from prolactin cells.…”

Section: Prolactin-cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By applying Harlant's tetrachrome method or Brooke's carmoisine stain, small bright red secretory granules may be detected in some cells, usually only by using oil immersion lens. The immunoperoxidase technique, using specific antisera, may provide positive results (Zimmerman et al, 1974;Kovacs et al, 1975). The highly characteristic fine structural features of this adenoma have recently been described in detail (Horvath and Kovacs, 1974;Kovacs et al, 1975), thus a concise summary of diagnostically important aspects will suffice…”

Section: // 2 Sparsely Granulated Prolactin Cell Adenoma With Misplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Classification of Pituitary Adenomas

Horváth

Kovács

1976

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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“…Human pituitary adenomas that cause acromegaly may co-express other pituitary hormones in addition to growth hormone (GH), and it has long been established that prolactin (PRL) hypersecretion occurs in vivo (1,2) and in vitro (3,4). In addition to PRL, secretion of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (aSU) occurs in a proportion of acromegalic tumours as evidenced by in vivo studies (5,6), immunocytochemistry (7) and in vitro tissue culture (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free alpha-subunit and intact TSH secretion in vitro are closely associated in human somatotroph adenomas

Aylwin

King²,

Blenke³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: GH-secreting pituitary adenomas frequently co-secrete prolactin and glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (aSU), but expression of additional hormones is considered unusual. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency with which acromegalic tumours secrete intact glycoprotein hormones LH, FSH and TSH, in comparison with other types of pituitary adenoma. Design and methods: Pituitary tumours were studied by cell culture, measuring the basal secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in vitro. Light microscopy was used to exclude tumours where normal pituitary tissue was present, and immunocytochemistry was employed to confirm the clinical diagnosis and for comparison with tissue culture data. Results: TSH secretion was observed in vitro in 15/23 somatotroph adenomas, but from only 1/8 lactotroph, 4/29 null cell, 2/12 gonadotroph and 1/10 corticotroph adenomas; moreover, somatotroph adenomas secreted the largest amounts of TSH (P < 0.001). Somatotroph adenomas also secreted LH (7/23) and FSH (2/23) but less frequently than gonadotroph adenomas. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated glycoprotein expression in somatotroph adenomas (LHb: 13%, FSHb: 26%, TSHb: 30%, aSU: 46%) more frequently than in lactotroph, corticotroph and null cell adenomas. A strong correlation was found between aSU secretion and TSH secretion in somatotroph adenomas (rho ¼ 0.683, P < 0.001). Conclusions: TSHb is frequently expressed by somatotroph adenomas, often associated with aSU expression. Both GH and TSHb are dependent on the transcription factor, Pit-1, which is frequently expressed in somatotroph adenomas, although the expression of aSU requires an alternative explanation. Increased expression of aSU compared with TSHb may account for the secretion of free aSU by somatotroph adenomas.

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Prolactin and Growth Hormone in Patients with Pituitary Adenomas: A Correlative Study of Hormone in Tumor and Plasma by Immunoperoxidase Technique and Radioimmunoassay

Cited by 162 publications

References 0 publications

Mammotroph and Gonadotroph Volume Percentage in the Rat Anterior Pituitary after Lesion of the Medial Basal Hypothalamus

Mammotroph and Gonadotroph Volume Percentage in the Rat Anterior Pituitary after Lesion of the Medial Basal Hypothalamus

Ultrastructural Classification of Pituitary Adenomas

Free alpha-subunit and intact TSH secretion in vitro are closely associated in human somatotroph adenomas

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