Projections of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Burden in the U.S. Population Aged &amp;lt;20 Years Through 2050

Imperatore, Giuseppina; Boyle, James P.; Thompson, Theodore; Case, Doug; Dabelea, Dana; Hamman, Richard F.; Lawrence, Jean M.; Liese, Angela D.; Liu, Lenna L.; Mayer‐Davis, Elizabeth J.; Rodríguez, Beatriz L.; Standiford, Debra

doi:10.2337/dc12-0669

Cited by 430 publications

(300 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4 (18), which may at least partially explain the increase in prevalence of type 1 diabetes seen in this study. Obesity is the most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes in youth, and the rise in pediatric obesity was accompanied by an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children (19,20). Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Ogden et al S. youth remained stable and even decreased among children aged 2-5 years, which may at least partially explain our findings on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Diabetic Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 55%

Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Large U.S. Commercially Insured Pediatric Population, 2002–2013

Jick

Breitenstein

et al. 2015

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in a large population of U.S. commercially insured patients aged <18 years from 2002 to 2013. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the U.S. MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, we identified 96,171 pediatric patients with diabetes and 3,161 pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy during 2002–2013. We estimated prevalence of pediatric diabetes overall, by diabetes type, age, and sex, and prevalence of pediatric diabetic nephropathy overall, by age, sex, and diabetes type. RESULTS The annual prevalence of diabetes in the whole pediatric population increased from 1.86 to 2.82 per 1,000 during 2002–2013: 1.48 to 2.32 per 1,000 for type 1 diabetes and 0.38 to 0.67 per 1,000 for type 2 diabetes in 2002–2006 and then 0.56 to 0.49 per 1,000 thereafter. The annual prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in pediatric patients with diabetes increased from 1.16 to 3.44% for all cases and 0.83 to 2.32% for probable cases only in 2002–2013. Prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was highest in patients aged 12 to <18 years. While prevalence of type 1 diabetes was higher in male than in female youth, prevalence of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was higher in female than in male youth. There was no difference in prevalence of diabetic nephropathy by diabetes type. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy increased in the U.S. MarketScan commercially insured pediatric population from 2002 to 2013. The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy markedly increased starting at age 12 years.

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Section: Prevalence Of Diabetic Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 55%

Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Large U.S. Commercially Insured Pediatric Population, 2002–2013

Jick

Breitenstein

et al. 2015

Diabetes Care

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“…Some researchers have suggested a 26% increase in risk for men than women20. The increasing incidence has been attributed ecologically to an increasing prevalence of central obesity, total dietary intake, a shift in the ratio of refined vs unrefined carbohydrates and simple sugars, increased portion sizes, and decrease in energy expenditure21, 22. In 2005–2009, the prevalence was 13.6% in women and 9.8% in men, which is not similar to the results of the study reported by Yang et al 5…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among inland residents in China (2000–2014): A meta‐analysis

Yang

Shao

Bian

et al. 2016

J of Diabetes Invest

127

108

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Aims/IntroductionBesides the aging population in China, the following have become serious public health problems: increasing urban population, lifestyle changes and diabetes. We assessed the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China between 2000 and 2014, and analyzed time trends to better determine the prevalence status of diabetes in China and to provide a basis for prevention and decision‐making.Materials and MethodsIn our systematic review, we searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, Wanfang and PubMed databases for studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus between 2000 and 2014 in China. Two investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included literature independently. We excluded studies that did not use 1999 World Health Organization criteria for diabetes. We also excluded reviews and viewpoints, studies with insufficient data, studies that were not carried out in mainland China and studies on troops, community, schools or physical examination people. We used stata 12.0 to combine the prevalence of all studies, calculated the pooled prevalence and its 95% confidence interval, and analyzed the differences among men/women, urban/rural areas and year of study. We calculated the prevalence of seven geographic areas of China, respectively, and mapped the distribution in the whole country to estimate the pooled prevalence of each area.ResultsOur search returned 4,572 studies, 77 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. The included studies had a total of 1,287,251 participants, in which 680,574 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were recorded. The overall prevalence (9.1%) has been increasing since the 1970s, and it increased rapidly with age. The prevalence of the 65–74 years group was as high as 14.1%. Meanwhile, the prevalence among men/women and urban/rural areas was significantly different. The prevalence was 9.9% for men and 11.6% for women, which were significantly higher than the average at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century. The prevalence rate in urban areas (11.4%) was significantly higher than that in rural areas and in urban‐rural fringe areas, and the prevalence in rural areas (8.2%) was slightly higher than that in urban‐rural fringe areas (7.5%). In addition, the prevalence in each geographic area were estimated and mapped, which showed a large imbalance in the map.ConclusionsOur analysis suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in China. These results underscore the urgent need for the government to vigorously strengthen the management of diabetes prevention and control.

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“…The incidence is rising steadily, particularly for younger children, and projections suggest nearly a tripling of T1DM from 2010 to 2050 [2]. Despite on-going technological advances, the majority of affected patients are not able to achieve recommended glycemic targets [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory T cell therapy for type 1 diabetes: May the force be with you

Gitelman

Bluestone

2016

Journal of Autoimmunity

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a b s t r a c tType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to be defective in this setting. Immuno-therapies targeting T cells, and resetting the balance between T effectors and Tregs, have had some initial success in preserving beta cell function. With a goal to use Tregs themselves as a novel therapeutic, we developed a technique to isolate and expand Tregs from patients with T1DM. These ex vivo expanded CD4 þ CD127 lo/À CD25 þ cells exhibit improved function and retain their T cell receptor diversity. These cells have subsequently been used in phase I clinical trials in patients with recent onset T1DM. The infusions were well tolerated, with no safety concerns. The studies are too small to assess efficacy definitively, although some individuals exhibit stable beta cell function over intervals as long as 2 years. These efforts set the stage for a larger phase II effort in new onset T1DM, and combination studies with other drugs, as well as efforts in other autoimmune diseases.

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Projections of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Burden in the U.S. Population Aged <20 Years Through 2050

Cited by 430 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Large U.S. Commercially Insured Pediatric Population, 2002–2013

Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Large U.S. Commercially Insured Pediatric Population, 2002–2013

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among inland residents in China (2000–2014): A meta‐analysis

Regulatory T cell therapy for type 1 diabetes: May the force be with you

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