Proinsulin C-Peptide Inhibits Lipolysis in Diabetic Rat Adipose Tissue Through Phosphodiestrase-3B Enzyme

Abstract

of chronic diseases including obesity, metabolic syndrome, familial combined hyperlipidemia, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, cancer-related chachexia, and diabetes; type-1 diabetes (T1D) in particular [ 4 , 6 , 7 ]. It is now accepted that positive correlation exists between the degree of lipolysis and the extent of disease-associated complications and that untreated lipolysis might account for risk of morbidity and mortality from the above mentioned diseases [ 7 ]. In T1D, insulin defi ciency and metabolic stressinduced elevation of catecholamines are known to be responsible for the activated lipolysis [ 6 ]. Not only insulin but also CP is defi cient in patients with T1D. Currently available information support the notion that co-replacement of insulin and CP in patients with T1D results in prevention or signifi cant amelioration of diabetes-induced abnormalities [ 8 ]. Several in vitro studies on biological actions and cell membrane binding kinetics have confi rmed that CP possesses physiological activities on its own [ 1 ]. In fact, CP can bind to its proposed pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-Affi liations Affi liation addresses are listed at the end of the article Affi liations

Chronic Administration of a Combination of Six Herbs Inhibits the Progression of Hyperglycemia and Decreases Serum Lipids and Aspartate Amino Transferase Activity in Diabetic Rats

“…Development of diabetes was confirmed by measuring fasting blood sugar (FBS) two days after STZ injection [21, 22]. Rats with FBS level of 250 mg/kg or higher were considered to be diabetic.…”

Pancreatic beta cell protection/regeneration with phytotherapy

“…Streptozotocin (STZ) or alloxan-induced diabetic rat or mouse is the most currently used animal model for diabetes. A single intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of STZ is well reported to induce insulin-dependent diabetes in rats (Ghorbani et al, 2010;Ghorbani et al, 2013;Shafiee-Nick et al, 2012b). The histologic feature of islets from the pancreas of diabetic animals is characterized by a severe decrease in the number of islets, inflammation, vacuolation of the islets, and degranulation of the beta cells (Adeyemi et al, 2008;Aralelimath, Bhise, 2012).…”

Metabolic effects of newly synthesized phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor 6-[4-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-4-oxobutoxy]-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one on rat adipocytes

“…The cells were left untreated (basal lipolysis) or treated with isoproterenol (stimulated lipolysis) and incubated in the absence or presence of PDE inhibitors at 37°C in a humidified chamber under constant shaking for 2 h. Glycerol release in the medium was measured as index of lipolysis using the free glycerol determination kit [29,30]. …”