Progressive decline in spatial learning and integrity of forebrain cholinergic neurons in rats during aging

Fischer, Walter; Chen, Karen S.; Gage, Fred H.; Björklund, Anders

doi:10.1016/0197-4580(92)90003-g

Cited by 288 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The appearance of these degenerative changes in the hippocampus proper leads to the affection in the spatial memory-related learning ability as they the main function of hippocampus. This in agreement with the finding of [22] who suggested that, changes in learning ability may be associated with the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus. Ma et al [23] reported that the brain is more affected by oxidative damage while antioxidants defense ability decrease due to aging.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Protictive effects of green tea and garlic on the morphological and oxidative stress changes of hippocampus in aged male and female albino rats

El‐Sokkary¹,

Alghriany²,

Atia³

2018

J Histol Histopathol

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Objective: Green tea is an extremely popular drink and particularly rich in strong antioxidants, flavonoids. Also, garlic is important dietary and has medicinal role for centuries and possess both antioxidant and antiinflammatory action in several oxidative stress conditions. Materials and methods: Four groups of both male and female rats [young (3 months-old), aged (26 months-old), aged+green tea (200 mg/kg) and aged+garlic (100 mg/kg)] were used. Histological changes in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus were examined. Levels of oxidized lipids (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione concentration (GSH) were measured in the serum. Results: Irregular, shrinked and deeply stained large and small pyramidal cells with fragmented nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm observed in the hippocampus of aged male and female rats. Green tea and garlic administration preserve these changes in the pyramidal cells in both genders. Aging increased the level of LPO, decreased the activity of SOD and the concentration of GSH of both male and female rats versus those of young ones. Again, green tea and garlic ameliorated these changes. Conclusion: our results showed that the protective role of green tea and garlic against oxidative stress parameters was more effective in males than females. Morphologically, garlic exerted preservation to the pyramidal cells of hippocampus more than green tea in both genders. This study suggests that the use of both green tea and garlic may inhibit the bodily changes related to aging.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Protictive effects of green tea and garlic on the morphological and oxidative stress changes of hippocampus in aged male and female albino rats

El‐Sokkary¹,

Alghriany²,

Atia³

2018

J Histol Histopathol

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“…20) Many studies indicate that scopolamine is increasingly disruptive with increasing age and declining cognitive status. 21,22) This sensitivity pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that cholinergic tone decreases with increasing age and dementia. Thus, scopolamine treatment represents a good model for the learning and memory changes that occur during central nervous system (CNS) aging, despite Ab-treated or transgenic animal models.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficit in Mice

Yang

Han

Ryu

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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To understand memory-enhancing effect of red ginseng biotransformed by Bifidobacterium longum H-1 (RGB), which more potently improved scopolamine-induced learning deficit than red ginseng in the preliminary experiment, its main constituents, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2, were isolated and their memory-enhancing effects investigated in scopolamine-treated mice by using passive avoidance and Y-maze tests. Among them, ginsenoside Rh2 most potently reversed memory impairment caused by scopolamine. Ginsenoside Rh2 also significantly shortened the escape latencies prolonged by scopolamine in the Morris water maze test (pϽ Ͻ0.001) and increased the swimming time shorten by scopolamine within the platform quadrant (pϽ Ͻ0.05). The ginsenoside Rh2 (3 m mM) reversed scopolamine (10 m mM)-induced suppression of long-term potentiation. It recovered field excitatory post synaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude potentiation to 152.3؎8.7% of the control (pϽ Ͻ0.05). Based on these findings, RGB and its main constituent, ginsenoside Rh2, might improve learning deficits. Also the memoryenhancing effects of RGB may be dependent on the content of ginsenoside Rh2.Key words red ginseng; ginsenoside Rh2; memory; scopolamine; long-term potentiation Biol. Pharm. Bull. 32(10) 1710-1715 (2009) © 2009 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: dhkim@khu.ac.kr

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“…age, gender, genetic background, or differences in tissue processing. In order to control for the changes in staining intensity that occur with aging (Finch, 1993;Fischer et al, 1992), we studied tg mice of similar ages. Sex hormones are also known to affect the neuronal sizes (Cooke, 2006), but we have demonstrated similar effects in both all male (Line C3.3 × S9) and all female (APPwt) cohorts of tg mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amyloid precursor protein increases cortical neuron size in transgenic mice

Savonenko

King

et al. 2009

Neurobiology of Aging

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The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the source of β-amyloid, a pivotal peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examines the possible effect of APP transgene expression on neuronal size by measuring the volumes of cortical neurons (μm 3 ) in transgenic mouse models with familial AD Swedish mutation (APPswe), with or without mutated presenilin1 (PS1dE9), as well as in mice carrying wild-type APP (APPwt). Overexpression of APPswe and APPwt protein, but not of PS1dE9 alone, resulted in a greater percentage of medium-sized neurons and a proportionate decrease in the percentage of small-sized neurons. Our observations indicate that the overexpression of mutant (APPswe) or wild-type APP in transgenic mice is necessary and sufficient for hypertrophy of cortical neurons. This is highly suggestive of a neurotrophic effect and also raises the possibility that the lack of neuronal loss in transgenic mouse models of AD may be attributed to overexpression of APP.

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Progressive decline in spatial learning and integrity of forebrain cholinergic neurons in rats during aging

Cited by 288 publications

References 52 publications

Protictive effects of green tea and garlic on the morphological and oxidative stress changes of hippocampus in aged male and female albino rats

Protictive effects of green tea and garlic on the morphological and oxidative stress changes of hippocampus in aged male and female albino rats

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficit in Mice

Amyloid precursor protein increases cortical neuron size in transgenic mice

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