Progress of linking gut microbiota and musculoskeletal health: casualty, mechanisms, and translational values

Abstract

The musculoskeletal system is important for balancing metabolic activity and maintaining health. Recent studies have shown that distortions in homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota are correlated with or may even contribute to abnormalities in musculoskeletal system function. Research has also shown that the intestinal flora and its secondary metabolites can impact the musculoskeletal system by regulating various phenomena, such as inflammation and immune and metabolic activities. Most of the existing literature supports that reasonable nutritional intervention helps to improve and maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, and may have a positive impact on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of organizing, summarizing and discussing the existing literature is to explore whether the intervention methods, including nutritional supplement and moderate exercise, can affect the muscle and bone health by regulating the microecology of the intestinal flora. More in-depth efficacy verification experiments will be helpful for clinical applications.

Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a versatile bacteria-based weapon against gastrointestinal tumors

“…(Table 4 ). Owing to their unique advantages, engineered OMVs have garnered substantial attention from researchers, and numerous encouraging preclinical studies have been reported on their use in the past few years 133 .…”

The Improvement and Related Mechanism of Microecologics on the Sports Performance and Post-Exercise Recovery of Athletes: A Narrative Review

“…However, current research and treatments primarily focus on chronic diseases, leaving a dearth of studies investigating whether SCFAs exert similar effects in healthy adults or athletes. Regarding postbiotics, other studies have shown that oral intake of heat-killed Bifidobacterium breve B-3 (HKB-3) resulted in increased grip strength after 2 or 4 weeks and improved distribution of oxidative fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle, ultimately promoting muscle hypertrophy and modification [ 19 ].…”

“…Moreover, AMPK can also mediate the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, providing the necessary energy substrate for ATP synthesis. Many studies have shown that the gut microecosystem can participate in body energy synthesis and utilization via regulating various signaling pathways mediated by AMPK [ 19 , 102 , 103 ]. In an animal experiment, the administration of COSs for 6 weeks significantly increased the expression levels of Sirt1 and AMPK in rat muscle, both of which play important roles in mitochondrial biosynthesis.…”

“…In another animal study, supplementation of HKB-3 was found to activate AMPK activity in response to a decrease in the ATP/AMP ratio. Furthermore, it enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis content through the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway, thereby providing energy substrates for mitochondrial energy metabolism [ 19 ]. Furthermore, the study also investigated the impact of HKB-3 on muscle types in rats and observed that HKB-3 administration led to an elevation in Akt regulatory factor levels in soleus muscle through the mTOR signaling pathway.…”