Prognostic Significance of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level in Pleural Lavage Fluid for Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma

Prognostic significance of pleural lavage cytology in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis

“…Of these publications, one was excluded because it did not allow the calculation of HR [26], four were excluded because no survival data in negative PLC group were available [6,[27][28][29], three were excluded because the same authors published several reports on the same patients, and only the best-quality study was considered [30][31][32], three were excluded because they did not provide sufficient data to perform a quantitative aggregation [5,33,34]. Subsequently, 15 articles [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] were available for analysis of the PLC prognostic significance; the clinical characteristics of these studies, along with ELCWP scores, are outlined in Table 1, and the ELCWP scores in detail are shown in Appendix Table 1 (provided in supplemental material on the Web). Ten studies assessed patients from Japan, four from Europe, and one from the USA.…”

“…Four studies [12,15,18,19] dealt with pleural lavage before lung resection, six studies [17,[20][21][22]24,25] dealt with pleural lavage after lung resection, and five studies [11,13,14,26,23] had PLC data form both before and after lung resection. The outcomes of PLC according to histological type, pathologic stage, status of lymph node metastasis, pleural involvement of the tumor, and postoperative stage are summarized in Table 2.…”

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as tumor marker in lung cancer

“…CEA is most often measured in serum, though one study has examined CEA levels in PLF [13] and one study examined the expression in tumor tissue [10], respectively. The use of PLF CEA levels as prognostic markers may be promising, but should be further investigated for the occurrence of false positive.…”

“…Tomita et al [13] evaluated the use of the level of CEA in PLF as a marker in NSCLC. The cut off value was 5 ng/ml.…”

Pleural lavage cytology as an independent prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with stage I disease and adenocarcinoma

“…Additionally, several other studies have suggested that PLC findings obtained during surgery are important prognostic indicators (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, the contribution of PLC to TNM staging has not yet been established.…”