Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer

Prohibitin: A New Biomarker for Breast Tumors

“…Other studies have attempted to correlate alterations in this gene and other risk factors to obtain a higher predictive value (14,15). Thus, while c-erbB-2 is gaining acceptance as a diagnosticlprognostic biomarker for breast cancer, other biomarkers are still in various stages of development and are not presently utilized as clinical tools (12,16,17). The overexpression of prohibitin protein in clinical breast tumors ( Fig.…”

“…While diagnosis still relies heavily on histopathology, prognosis is becoming more reliant on immunohistochemical and molecular Disease free 11.5 i-1. biomarkers that have been correlated with tumor characteristics (1,12). For example, a great deal of interest has been directed toward the analysis of the c-erbB-2 gene and its product, a membrane receptor with proteinkinase activity that is related to epidermal growth factor receptor.…”

Prohibitin: A New Biomarker for Breast Tumors

“…Other studies have attempted to correlate alterations in this gene and other risk factors to obtain a higher predictive value (14,15). Thus, while c-erbB-2 is gaining acceptance as a diagnosticlprognostic biomarker for breast cancer, other biomarkers are still in various stages of development and are not presently utilized as clinical tools (12,16,17). The overexpression of prohibitin protein in clinical breast tumors ( Fig.…”

“…While diagnosis still relies heavily on histopathology, prognosis is becoming more reliant on immunohistochemical and molecular Disease free 11.5 i-1. biomarkers that have been correlated with tumor characteristics (1,12). For example, a great deal of interest has been directed toward the analysis of the c-erbB-2 gene and its product, a membrane receptor with proteinkinase activity that is related to epidermal growth factor receptor.…”

Identification of a subset of breast carcinomas characterized by expression of cytokeratin 15: Relationship between CK15+ progenitor/amplified cells and pre‐malignant lesions and invasive disease

“…In an effort to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the various CK15/CK19 phenotypes present in non-malignant cells, premalignant lesions, and invasive disease we describe below a detailed IHC analysis of tumour 71 using a battery of antibodies against luminal and myoepithelial cytokeratins (CK's 7,8,14,15,17,18 and 19) (Moll et al, 1982;Hesse et al, 2004;Schweizer et al, 2006), receptors (ER, PgR and AR) (Klijn et al, 1993;Birrell et al, 1998), and markers for stem cells (CD44) Dontu et al, 2003), myoepithelial cells (p63, vimentin) (Lerwill, 2004;Polyak and Hu, 2005;Adriance et al, 2005;Moriya et al, 2006) cell proliferation (Ki67) (Vartanian and Weidner, 1994;van Diest et al, 2004), and apoptosis (Bcl-2) (Tsujimoto et al, 1984;Adams and Cory, 2007), as well as a factor that maintains luminal epithelial differentiation (GATA-3) (Kouros-Mehr et al, 2006;Asselin-Labat et al, 2007), and proteins overexpressed by some breast carcinomas (p53, psoriasin (S100A7), and MRP14 (S100A9)) (Clahsen et al, 1998;Arai et al, 2004;Emberley et al, 2004;Carlsson et al, 2005;Krop et al, 2005;Lacroix, 2006;Rohan et al, 2006;Herceg and Hainaut, 2007;Skliris et al, 2007). Moreover, we describe related phenotypes of double positive CK15/CK19 cells found in the large central collecting ducts of the nipple and in a juvenile fibroadenoma with epithelial hyperplasia (Table 3) Fig.…”

Genetic alterations in breast cancer

“…Molecular markers can help in the choice of treatment. Prediction of the response to hormone therapy, for instance, can be improved by considering findings on pS2 protein, cathepsin D, and the E G F receptor (references in Klijn et al, 1993). Analysis of the heatshock protein hsp27 could predict the response to doxorubicin, and the ~1 8 5~~~~' (Gusterson et al, 1992) and mutant TP53 proteins (Koechli et al, 1994) could predict the response to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF).…”

Prohibitin: A New Biomarker for Breast Tumors

“…Other studies have attempted to correlate alterations in this gene and other risk factors to obtain a higher predictive value (14,15). Thus, while c-erbB-2 is gaining acceptance as a diagnosticlprognostic biomarker for breast cancer, other biomarkers are still in various stages of development and are not presently utilized as clinical tools (12,16,17). The overexpression of prohibitin protein in clinical breast tumors ( Fig.…”

“…While diagnosis still relies heavily on histopathology, prognosis is becoming more reliant on immunohistochemical and molecular Disease free 11.5 i-1. biomarkers that have been correlated with tumor characteristics (1,12). For example, a great deal of interest has been directed toward the analysis of the c-erbB-2 gene and its product, a membrane receptor with proteinkinase activity that is related to epidermal growth factor receptor.…”

Identification of a subset of breast carcinomas characterized by expression of cytokeratin 15: Relationship between CK15+ progenitor/amplified cells and pre‐malignant lesions and invasive disease

“…In an effort to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the various CK15/CK19 phenotypes present in non-malignant cells, premalignant lesions, and invasive disease we describe below a detailed IHC analysis of tumour 71 using a battery of antibodies against luminal and myoepithelial cytokeratins (CK's 7,8,14,15,17,18 and 19) (Moll et al, 1982;Hesse et al, 2004;Schweizer et al, 2006), receptors (ER, PgR and AR) (Klijn et al, 1993;Birrell et al, 1998), and markers for stem cells (CD44) Dontu et al, 2003), myoepithelial cells (p63, vimentin) (Lerwill, 2004;Polyak and Hu, 2005;Adriance et al, 2005;Moriya et al, 2006) cell proliferation (Ki67) (Vartanian and Weidner, 1994;van Diest et al, 2004), and apoptosis (Bcl-2) (Tsujimoto et al, 1984;Adams and Cory, 2007), as well as a factor that maintains luminal epithelial differentiation (GATA-3) (Kouros-Mehr et al, 2006;Asselin-Labat et al, 2007), and proteins overexpressed by some breast carcinomas (p53, psoriasin (S100A7), and MRP14 (S100A9)) (Clahsen et al, 1998;Arai et al, 2004;Emberley et al, 2004;Carlsson et al, 2005;Krop et al, 2005;Lacroix, 2006;Rohan et al, 2006;Herceg and Hainaut, 2007;Skliris et al, 2007). Moreover, we describe related phenotypes of double positive CK15/CK19 cells found in the large central collecting ducts of the nipple and in a juvenile fibroadenoma with epithelial hyperplasia (Table 3) Fig.…”

Genetic alterations in breast cancer

“…Molecular markers can help in the choice of treatment. Prediction of the response to hormone therapy, for instance, can be improved by considering findings on pS2 protein, cathepsin D, and the E G F receptor (references in Klijn et al, 1993). Analysis of the heatshock protein hsp27 could predict the response to doxorubicin, and the ~1 8 5~~~~' (Gusterson et al, 1992) and mutant TP53 proteins (Koechli et al, 1994) could predict the response to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF).…”

Prohibitin: A New Biomarker for Breast Tumors

“…Other studies have attempted to correlate alterations in this gene and other risk factors to obtain a higher predictive value (14,15). Thus, while c-erbB-2 is gaining acceptance as a diagnosticlprognostic biomarker for breast cancer, other biomarkers are still in various stages of development and are not presently utilized as clinical tools (12,16,17). The overexpression of prohibitin protein in clinical breast tumors ( Fig.…”

“…While diagnosis still relies heavily on histopathology, prognosis is becoming more reliant on immunohistochemical and molecular Disease free 11.5 i-1. biomarkers that have been correlated with tumor characteristics (1,12). For example, a great deal of interest has been directed toward the analysis of the c-erbB-2 gene and its product, a membrane receptor with proteinkinase activity that is related to epidermal growth factor receptor.…”

Identification of a subset of breast carcinomas characterized by expression of cytokeratin 15: Relationship between CK15+ progenitor/amplified cells and pre‐malignant lesions and invasive disease

“…In an effort to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the various CK15/CK19 phenotypes present in non-malignant cells, premalignant lesions, and invasive disease we describe below a detailed IHC analysis of tumour 71 using a battery of antibodies against luminal and myoepithelial cytokeratins (CK's 7,8,14,15,17,18 and 19) (Moll et al, 1982;Hesse et al, 2004;Schweizer et al, 2006), receptors (ER, PgR and AR) (Klijn et al, 1993;Birrell et al, 1998), and markers for stem cells (CD44) Dontu et al, 2003), myoepithelial cells (p63, vimentin) (Lerwill, 2004;Polyak and Hu, 2005;Adriance et al, 2005;Moriya et al, 2006) cell proliferation (Ki67) (Vartanian and Weidner, 1994;van Diest et al, 2004), and apoptosis (Bcl-2) (Tsujimoto et al, 1984;Adams and Cory, 2007), as well as a factor that maintains luminal epithelial differentiation (GATA-3) (Kouros-Mehr et al, 2006;Asselin-Labat et al, 2007), and proteins overexpressed by some breast carcinomas (p53, psoriasin (S100A7), and MRP14 (S100A9)) (Clahsen et al, 1998;Arai et al, 2004;Emberley et al, 2004;Carlsson et al, 2005;Krop et al, 2005;Lacroix, 2006;Rohan et al, 2006;Herceg and Hainaut, 2007;Skliris et al, 2007). Moreover, we describe related phenotypes of double positive CK15/CK19 cells found in the large central collecting ducts of the nipple and in a juvenile fibroadenoma with epithelial hyperplasia (Table 3) Fig.…”

Genetic alterations in breast cancer

“…Molecular markers can help in the choice of treatment. Prediction of the response to hormone therapy, for instance, can be improved by considering findings on pS2 protein, cathepsin D, and the E G F receptor (references in Klijn et al, 1993). Analysis of the heatshock protein hsp27 could predict the response to doxorubicin, and the ~1 8 5~~~~' (Gusterson et al, 1992) and mutant TP53 proteins (Koechli et al, 1994) could predict the response to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF).…”