Prognostic factors for Korean patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Kim, Tae Yong; Kim, Kyung Won; Jung, Tae Sik; Kim, Jung Min; Kim, Sun Wook; Chung, Ki-Wook; Kim, Eun Young; Gong, Gyungyub; Oh, Young Lyun; Cho, Soo Youn; Yi, Ka Hee; Kim, Won; Park, Do Joon; Cho, Bo Youn; Shong, Young Kee

doi:10.1002/hed.20578

Cited by 95 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…A younger age (<60 years), smaller tumor size (<7 cm) and restricted disease have been associated with a lower mortality rate on multivariate analysis (104).…”

Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 98%

Signaling pathways in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas

Romitti

Ceolin

Siqueira

et al. 2012

International Journal of Oncology

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Abstract. Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant endocrine neoplasia. Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) represent more than 90% of all thyroid carcinomas and comprise the papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma subtypes. Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas correspond to less than 1% of all thyroid tumors and can arise de novo or by dedifferentiation of a differentiated tumor. The etiology of DTCs is not fully understood. Several genetic events have been implicated in thyroid tumorigenesis. Point mutations in the BRAF or RAS genes or rearranged in transformation (RET)/papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) gene rearrangements are observed in approximately 70% of papillary cancer cases. Follicular carcinomas commonly harbor RAS mutations and paired box gene 8 (PAX8)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) rearrangements. Anaplastic carcinomas may have a wide set of genetic alterations, that include gene effectors in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and/or β-catenin signaling pathways. These distinct genetic alterations constitutively activate the MAPK, PI3K and β-catenin signaling pathways, which have been implicated in thyroid cancer development and progression. In this context, the evaluation of specific genes, as well as the knowledge of their effects on thyroid carcinogenesis may provide important information on disease presentation, prognosis and therapy, through the development of specific tyrosine kinase targets. In this review, we aimed to present an updated and comprehensive review of the recent advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor development and progression.

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“…A younger age (<60 years), smaller tumor size (<7 cm) and restricted disease have been associated with a lower mortality rate on multivariate analysis (104).…”

Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 98%

Signaling pathways in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas

Romitti

Ceolin

Siqueira

et al. 2012

International Journal of Oncology

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“…A variety of previous studies have evaluated prognostic factors of ATC [99][100][101][102]. These prognostic factors include patients' age, tumor size, and clinical stage.…”

Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Undiferentiated Thyroid Cancer)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms can be related to invasion of tumor to neighboring structures such as recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), parasympathetic chain (causing Horner's syndrome), or even carotid arteries (causing stroke). About 40% of patients usually present with lymphadenopathy and up to 43% have distant metastasis, most commonly to the lung followed by bone and brain at the time of diagnosis [98].A variety of previous studies have evaluated prognostic factors of ATC [99][100][101][102]. These prognostic factors include patients' age, tumor size, and clinical stage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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Rapidly increasing trend of thyroid cancer incidence has turned this disease into a global concern. An estimated number of 64,300 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in men and women in 2016, which represents 3.8% of all new cancer cases of USA (htps://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html). Thus, there is a high possibility for every physician to encounter a case of thyroid cancer during his/her professional lifetime. In this chapter, we clariied epidemiology, diferent categories, and new approaches toward diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.Keywords: thyroid cancer, epidemiology, diferentiated thyroid cancer, undiferentiated thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule Detailed epidemiology of thyroid cancerAs the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease. Some prior studies have reported a worldwide increasing trend for thyroid cancer incidence in recent decades [4]. Annual percent change (APC) is a commonly used indicator for the assessment of changes in incidence. Based on US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, it has been reported 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in both genders for thyroid cancer (data available at htp://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html).© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.According to [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] data, the rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes number of new cases per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity and sex. A recently published study on adolescent cancer incidence during 1975-2012 has reported a 2.12% increase for females and 1.59% for males between 15 and 19 years of age [5]. However, there is a study indicating that thyroid cancer incidence trend has slowed following release of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline in 2009 [6, 7]. It has been reported that overall thyroid cancer incidence had an increasing trend about 8% per year from 2000 to 2009. But APC showed a deceleration about 3% in men and 2.8% in women, which was conined to tumors less than 2.9 cm of size for women [7].Also, thyroid cancer-related mortality was estimated to consist 0.3% of all cancer-related deaths in 2016. A 5-year survival rate of 98.1% has been reported for thyroid cancer. Despite increasing trend of incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has a relatively stable rate about 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons both from 1973 to 2002 and 2009 to 2013 [8, 9].In conclusion, it seems that thyroid cancer has been following an ...

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“…Survival rate varies among studies, but is always rated in months (14,15,16). Currently, the most effective treatment, at least for the control of local disease, is a multimodality treatment combining initial radiotherapy and chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection of as much tumor as safely possible, followed by combined chemoradiotherapy (15,17,18).…”

Section: Treatment and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%