Prognosis in Psychiatry

Insulin shock treatment.

“…Appel, et QZ. (8) found that non-specific therapy, i.e., hospital routine alone, produced an improvement rate of 29 C 10 per cent when fourteen reports were averaged. Recovered and much improved cases were bracketed into one category.…”

“…As might be expected, these rates vary widely according to modes of selection, handling, and evaluation of control groups. Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered.…”

“…Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered. Alexander ( 3 ) reported that 29.3 per cent of 11,080 schizophrenics achieved significant clinical improvement on custodial and supportive treatment; this figure was obtained from the grand total of cases in the pre-insulin era and from certain control studies of more recent date.…”

Insulin shock treatment.

“…Appel, et QZ. (8) found that non-specific therapy, i.e., hospital routine alone, produced an improvement rate of 29 C 10 per cent when fourteen reports were averaged. Recovered and much improved cases were bracketed into one category.…”

“…As might be expected, these rates vary widely according to modes of selection, handling, and evaluation of control groups. Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered.…”

“…Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered. Alexander ( 3 ) reported that 29.3 per cent of 11,080 schizophrenics achieved significant clinical improvement on custodial and supportive treatment; this figure was obtained from the grand total of cases in the pre-insulin era and from certain control studies of more recent date.…”

Rational-emotive revisited: Reply by Wolpe.

“…Having reviewed the majority of the 27 experimental studies and the 69 controlled studies referred to in Albert Ellis's Growth through Reason, I find myself wondering whether Ellis realizes what it takes to establish the efficacy of specific clinical interventions. It has long been widely realized (e.g., Appel, Amper, & Schefler, 1953) that almost any therapeutic regimen yields a level of 50% or more of highly favorable results in cases of neurosis. Anybody Who employs a consistent set of procedures can thus correlate them with a substantial percentage of successes and be led to infer a causal connection.…”

Methodology and research on the prognostic use of psychological tests.

“…The results were similar to those found by Eysenck, and did not demonstrate any facilitation of recovery due to psychotherapy. Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (1953) summarized the results of studies which met a list of what they felt were minimal standards. They broke down the findings separately for schizophrenic, affective, and psychoneurotic disorders.…”

Insulin shock treatment.

“…Appel, et QZ. (8) found that non-specific therapy, i.e., hospital routine alone, produced an improvement rate of 29 C 10 per cent when fourteen reports were averaged. Recovered and much improved cases were bracketed into one category.…”

“…As might be expected, these rates vary widely according to modes of selection, handling, and evaluation of control groups. Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered.…”

“…Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered. Alexander ( 3 ) reported that 29.3 per cent of 11,080 schizophrenics achieved significant clinical improvement on custodial and supportive treatment; this figure was obtained from the grand total of cases in the pre-insulin era and from certain control studies of more recent date.…”

Rational-emotive revisited: Reply by Wolpe.

“…Having reviewed the majority of the 27 experimental studies and the 69 controlled studies referred to in Albert Ellis's Growth through Reason, I find myself wondering whether Ellis realizes what it takes to establish the efficacy of specific clinical interventions. It has long been widely realized (e.g., Appel, Amper, & Schefler, 1953) that almost any therapeutic regimen yields a level of 50% or more of highly favorable results in cases of neurosis. Anybody Who employs a consistent set of procedures can thus correlate them with a substantial percentage of successes and be led to infer a causal connection.…”

Methodology and research on the prognostic use of psychological tests.

“…The results were similar to those found by Eysenck, and did not demonstrate any facilitation of recovery due to psychotherapy. Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (1953) summarized the results of studies which met a list of what they felt were minimal standards. They broke down the findings separately for schizophrenic, affective, and psychoneurotic disorders.…”

Insulin shock treatment.

“…Appel, et QZ. (8) found that non-specific therapy, i.e., hospital routine alone, produced an improvement rate of 29 C 10 per cent when fourteen reports were averaged. Recovered and much improved cases were bracketed into one category.…”

“…As might be expected, these rates vary widely according to modes of selection, handling, and evaluation of control groups. Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered.…”

“…Since 19 jz, threc large-scale statistical surveys include the analyses of L. Alexander ( 3 ) ; Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (8); and the recent careful biometric survey of the various somatotherapies by Staudt and Zubin (240 j which also discusses the research difficulties in detail. The control improvement figures of 29.3 per cent ( 3 ) , 29 t l o per cent (8), and 25 per cent and 30-40 per cent (240) in these three surveys may be Considered to show satisfactory agreement, all things considered. Alexander ( 3 ) reported that 29.3 per cent of 11,080 schizophrenics achieved significant clinical improvement on custodial and supportive treatment; this figure was obtained from the grand total of cases in the pre-insulin era and from certain control studies of more recent date.…”

Rational-emotive revisited: Reply by Wolpe.

“…Having reviewed the majority of the 27 experimental studies and the 69 controlled studies referred to in Albert Ellis's Growth through Reason, I find myself wondering whether Ellis realizes what it takes to establish the efficacy of specific clinical interventions. It has long been widely realized (e.g., Appel, Amper, & Schefler, 1953) that almost any therapeutic regimen yields a level of 50% or more of highly favorable results in cases of neurosis. Anybody Who employs a consistent set of procedures can thus correlate them with a substantial percentage of successes and be led to infer a causal connection.…”

Methodology and research on the prognostic use of psychological tests.

“…The results were similar to those found by Eysenck, and did not demonstrate any facilitation of recovery due to psychotherapy. Appel, Myers, and Scheflen (1953) summarized the results of studies which met a list of what they felt were minimal standards. They broke down the findings separately for schizophrenic, affective, and psychoneurotic disorders.…”