Progestin-impregnated intravaginal sponges for estrus induction and synchronization influences on goats vaginal flora and antimicrobial susceptibility

Efficacy of anti-microbial agents on vaginal microorganisms and reproductive performance of synchronized estrus ewes

“…Ciprofloxacin was effective against the majority of bacterial flora isolates before sponge insertion followed by Cefoquinome and Ofloxacin, while gentamycin is the third rank. This finding is consistent with previous reports by Carson et al [18], Gabriel Martins et al [19] and Bruno Penna et al [20]. On the other side, Suarez et al [5] recorded Gentamycin and cefazolin were the most effective compounds to prevent bacterial growth following the use of progestin impregnated intravaginal sponges in ewes.…”

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacteria from vaginitis associated with intravaginal implants in ewes following estrus synchronization

“…Although other study (YESILMEN et al, 2008) reported qualitative changes of the bacterial load, specific identification of the agents has not been conducted. Escherichia coli has been reported as an opportunistic agent of bacterial vaginitis, not only in ewes (SARGISON et al, 2007;MARTINS et al, 2009), but also in other ruminants (PADULA & MACMILLAN, 2006;SHELDON et al, 2008;OLIVEIRA et al, 2013). Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the original population of Staphylococci, represented predominantly by the well-known opportunistic bacteria S. aureus, was replaced by coliforms as agents of the vaginitis remains unclear.…”

“…However, when the implant is removed, mucopurulent vaginal discharge and other clinical signs of vaginitis are commonly observed (PENNA et al, 2013), which could potentially lead to ascending uterine infections and result in decreased pregnancy rate.…”

“…The effect of hormones, as well as the mechanical presence of the devices, may predispose the sheep to purulent vaginitis (MANES et al, 2010;PENNA et al, 2013). This infection is often due to proliferation of the local microbiota and is typically characterized by erythema, a purulent vaginal discharge and abundant vaginal leukocytes (MANES et al, 2010).…”

“…There are few studies in small ruminants regarding bacteriological evaluation (OLIVEIRA et al, 2013;PENNA et al, 2013). Additionally, there is a lack of literature about the effects of progestagenimpregnated sponges regarding the specific bacterial characterization in the vaginal microbiota.…”