Profile of anti-Leishmania antibodies related to clinical picture in canine visceral leishmaniasis

Freitas, José Cláudio Carneiro de; Lopes-Neto, Belarmino Eugênio; Abreu, Cyntia Rafaelle Amaral de; Coura‐Vital, Wendel; Braga, Samuel Leôncio; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Nunes-Pinheiro, Diana Célia Sousa

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.12.009

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…When the immune response is mediated by Th2 lymphocytes, IL-4 secretors antibody production is high and this is associated with severe clinical manifestations [3]. Many studies [4, 5] report that high levels of antibodies production are associated with the presence of clinical signs such as epistaxis, proteinuria, polyuria, polydipsia, uveitis, and skin ulcers because of the deposition of soluble immune complexes in organs and tissues [3, 6]. Several authors [5, 7, 8] evaluated the profile of anti- Leishmania antibodies in dogs with different clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis using methods not easily obtainable in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies [4, 5] report that high levels of antibodies production are associated with the presence of clinical signs such as epistaxis, proteinuria, polyuria, polydipsia, uveitis, and skin ulcers because of the deposition of soluble immune complexes in organs and tissues [3, 6]. Several authors [5, 7, 8] evaluated the profile of anti- Leishmania antibodies in dogs with different clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis using methods not easily obtainable in clinical practice. The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is one of the most commonly used techniques [9] for detection of anti- Leishmania antibodies and is recommended by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as the reference serological method [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship betweenLeishmaniaIFAT Titer and Clinicopathological Manifestations (Clinical Score) in Dogs

Proverbio

Spada

Giorgi

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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During canine leishmaniasis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum, high levels of antibodies production are associated with the presence of various clinical signs, because of the deposition of soluble immune complexes in organs and tissues. The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is one of the most commonly used techniques for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a correlation between clinical signs and IFAT titers in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania. A retrospective study was performed on medical records of 49 dogs diagnosed with CanL. Information extracted from the medical records of each dog with CanL was clinical score, IFAT titer, serum total protein (TP), gamma globulin (IgG) and creatinine concentration, and protein creatinine ratio in urine sample (UP/UC) at each follow-up examination. Results show that dogs with highest IFAT titers recorded had higher mean clinical scores indicating a positive relationship (P < 0.0001) between anti-Leishmania antibodies (IgG) and clinical manifestations, which becomes more evident in severe clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis. Higher TP and IgG serum concentrations were recorded in dogs with higher clinical scores. Significant association was observed between UP/UC and the IFAT titer (P = 0.004).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship betweenLeishmaniaIFAT Titer and Clinicopathological Manifestations (Clinical Score) in Dogs

Proverbio

Spada

Giorgi

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…The clinical signs of CanL have been associated to immune changes that involve cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, different populations of effector lymphocytes Th1, Th2, Treg, characterized by specific cytokine secretion of cellular subpopulations and the production of specific antibodies of different subclasses of immunoglobulins [2,9,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These clinical features depend on the immune response of the dog and the participation of the immune system at Leishmania control is critical for progression or resolution of the disease [9,14,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

Lopes-Neto

Santos

Lima

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by an obligatory intracellular parasite of Leishmania genus that affects organs and tissues. Several studies evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The overproduction of ROS on infectious diseases can induce an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at cellular or systemic level. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in CanL.Materials, Methods & Results: Females (n = 17) and males (n = 10), at different ages and with different weight, were selected for this study. Dogs were divided into two groups according classical clinical signs and sorological test to CanL. Animals were considered infected based on indirect immunofluorescent assay and ELISA titration ≥ 1:40. Group B (n = 15) composed by positive dogs to CanL from Zoonosis Control Center of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil) and group A (n = 12) was composed by dogs from private kennel that were serologically negative to L. infantum and had absence of clinical signs to CanL. Blood sample were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (P < 0.05). Total proteins (TP, mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U/L) were increased (P < 0.05) on group B (8.2 ± 1.2; 165.4 ± 46.4) when compared to group A (6.5 ± 1.1; 109.1 ± 38.3), respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL) and hematocrit (Hct; %) were decreased (P < 0.05) on Group B (14.7 ± 1.8; 48.2 ± 5.7) when compared to group A (16.5 ± 1.3; 52.1 ± 2.4), respectively. Group B presented CAT (U/g Hb) and GPx (mU/mg Hb) lower (189.4 ± 90.4; 3,609.6 ± 1,569.1) than group A (326.6 ± 104.5; 5,055.6 ±1,569.1), respectively (P < 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between RBC and CAT; however, it was not significant.Discussion: Organisms require a good defense system in order to revert the overproduction of free radicals and consequently the injuries caused by them. This is possible through the production of antioxidant agents, which act on oxidative prevention and on tissue and cellular regeneration, by taking the reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in the frontline. Erythrocyte changes promoted by CanL suggest possible correlation between anemia and the appearance of clinical signs, which in many cases is not seen. Erythrocytes contain SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes, thus, changes in these cells will reflect on the activity of these enzymes. In our results only CAT showed positive correlation with erythrocyte count, however it was not significant. GPx activity was lower (P < 0.001) in infected dogs than control group. This result agrees with another study, which showed a decrease in GPx levels in CanL, although it was not significant. However, it was found a positive correlation (P < 0.001) between erythrocytes and GPx activity and between hemoglobin and GPx activity in animals with leishmaniasis. These results suggest that the reduction in detoxification activity can be related to the decrease in erythrocyte count and that the GPx activity depends on the control mechanism of the antioxidant system in CanL. Furthermore, this result could be associated with decrease of blood cell count in animals with CanL, once GPx is an erythrocyte enzyme, which plays an important role in hemoglobin protection against oxidative damage. This study was carried out in naturally infected dogs with L. infantum. In conclusion, CAT and GPx activities are relate to oxidative stress induced by L. infantum infection and can be used as biomarkers on CanL.

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“…Apesar da importância do efeito protetor da resposta imune mediada por Th1 ainda não ser bem esclarecido, sabe-se que o aparecimento dos sinais clínicos característicos das formas tegumentar e visceral da LC está associado com o desenvolvimento da imunidade humoral mediada por anticorpos (Reis et al, 2006;Zanini et al, 2010 (Freitas et al, 2012b). Esse achado difere do observado por Reis et al (2006).…”

Section: Estudo Das Imunoglobulinas Nas Formas Tegumentar E Visceral unclassified

Leishmaniosis: an approach about the immunoglobulins and cytokines involved in infection and vaccination

Carneiro

Nunes-Pinheiro

2013

AVB

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RESUMO:Objetivou-se revisar os principais trabalhos científicos, discutindo a participação das imunoglobulinas e as citocinas detectadas nas leishmanioses caninas (LCs) e na vacinação de cães sadios. Nas leishmanioses a resposta imune protetora é regulada por células Th1 e Th17, sendo INF-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6 e TGF-β, as citocinas características, com consequente aumento na produção de IgG2. Por outro lado, a resposta imune mediada por Th2 e Treg, apresenta padrão de citocinas associadas a IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 e IL-10, as quais inibem a resposta de Th1, aumentando a produção de IgG1, IgA e IgE e o desenvolvimento sintomático de uma severa doença. O perfil de anticorpos associados à produção de IgG1 e IgG2 ainda é conflitante entre os pesquisadores. Sendo assim, a interpretação das imunoglobulinas não poderá funcionar como marcador, quer seja no diagnóstico quer seja no tratamento de animais doentes. A vacinação surgiu como nova estratégia de controle das LCs. As formulações vacinais de primeira e terceira gerações são capazes de induzir uma resposta mediada tanto por INF-γ quanto IL-4, enquanto as de segunda geração são caracterizadas pelo aumento da produção de INF-γ e NO. Nestas situações, há aumento na capacidade de resposta imune celular e na produção de anticorpos. Ressalta-se que antígenos vacinais disponíveis não são capazes de desencadear uma resposta satisfatória mediada por linfócitos T CD4 + de memória. Pode-se concluir que as imunoglobulinas e as citocinas podem ser utilizadas como marcadores das LCs e do efeito vacinal, contudo seu uso na clínica deve ser resguardado.Palavras-chave: leishmanioses canina; biomarcadores; vacinas. ABSTRACT:It was aimed to review the main scientific work, discussing the participation of immunoglobulins and cytokines detected in canine leishmaniosis (CLs) and in the vaccination of healthy dogs. In the leishmaniosis the protective immune response is regulated by Th1 and Th17 cells, being INF-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6 and TGF-β, the cytokines features, with a consequent increase in the production of IgG2. Moreover, the immune response mediated by Th2 and Treg presents pattern associated of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-10, which inhibit Th1 response, increasing the production of IgG1, IgA and IgE and development of severe symptomatic disease. The antibody profile associated with the production of IgG1 and IgG2 is still conflict among researchers. As such, the interpretation of immunoglobulins can not function as marker, either in the diagnosis whether the treatment of sick animals. Vaccination has emerged as a new control strategy of CLs. The vaccine formulations of the first and third generations are capable of inducing a response mediated both for IFN-γ as IL-4, while the second generation are characterized by the increased production of IFN-γ and NO. In these situations, there is an increase in the capacity of cellular immune response and the production of antibodies. It is highlighted that available vaccine antigens are not able t...

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Profile of anti-Leishmania antibodies related to clinical picture in canine visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Relationship betweenLeishmaniaIFAT Titer and Clinicopathological Manifestations (Clinical Score) in Dogs

Relationship betweenLeishmaniaIFAT Titer and Clinicopathological Manifestations (Clinical Score) in Dogs

Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

Leishmaniosis: an approach about the immunoglobulins and cytokines involved in infection and vaccination

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