Professional SfM and TLS vs a simple SfM photogrammetry for 3D modelling of rock art and radiance scaling shading in engraving detection

TLS and SfM Approach for Bulk Density Determination of Excavated Heterogeneous Raw Materials

“…For small-scale surveying, the measurement accuracy of a few mm and high density of points can be expected. When comparing TLS and SfM mesh models of such size, RMSE values of approximately 2 mm [37] are expected. We used this fact in our research, where the distance of the measured objects from TLS and photogrammetry sensors was up to 5 m. We achieved RMSE up to 3 mm by comparing our TLS and photogrammetry models.…”

Multi instrumental documentation and 3D modelling of an archaeological site: a case study in Kizilkoyun Necropolis Area

“…In the photogrammetric aspect, the low-altitude aerial photographing method was used in the area of the Roman camp of A Cidadela in NW Spain and the best land surface result was obtained by pointbased method [13]. When the structure from Motion and terrestrial laser scanning methods were compared, it was found that the SfM photogrammetry methodology obtained better results than the terrestrial laser scanning method geometrically and visually [14].…”

An accessible, agile and low‐cost workflow for 3D virtual analysis and automatic vector tracing of engravings: Atlantic rock art analysis

“…In addition, image‐based modelling and TLS are contactless techniques that do not have the problems associated with traditional techniques, which are aggressive with the rock (Díaz‐Andreu, Brooke, Rainsbury, & Rosser, ), allowing researchers to obtain results that allow subsequent, detailed analysis of rock art engravings. Although both techniques are widely used, the investment required for image‐based modelling is significantly lower than for TLS, and the adaptation of this technique to the geometries of rock outcrops is usually better (Peña‐Villasenín, Gil‐Docampo, & Ortiz‐Sanz, ). This adaptation to engraving documentation tasks is partly because image‐based modelling has wide methodological variability.…”

“…Several works have compared techniques that differ in the camera used (Chandler, Fryer, & Kniest, ; Chiabrando, Nex, Piatti, & Rinaudo, ; Ortiz‐Sanz, Núñez, & Rego‐Sanmartín, ; Perfetti, Polari, & Fassi, ); in the number and distribution of control points (Deng & Faig, ; Karras et al, ; Sanz‐Ablanedo, Chandler, Rodríguez‐Pérez, & Ordóñez, ); in the number and disposition of photographs (Boukerch, Takarli, Mahmoudi, Tellai, & Chadli, ; Chandler, Buffin‐Bélanger, Rice, Reid, & Graham, ; Stojic, Chandler, Ashrnore, & Luce, ); in the calibration technique used (Chandler et al, ; Pappa, Giersch, & Quagliaroli, ; Schneider, Schwalbe, & Maas, ); or in the software used (Barazzetti, Binda, Scaioni, & Taranto, ). These studies show that photogrammetry can be executed with complex and painstaking methodology, for example, for the modelling of complete archaeological sites (Gonizzi Barsanti, Remondino, & Visintini, ; Mozas‐Calvache, Pérez‐García, Cardenal‐Escarcena, Mata‐Castro, & Delgado‐García, ; Ortiz‐Sanz, Gil‐Docampo, Martínez‐Rodríguez, Rego‐Sanmartín, & Meijide‐Cameselle, ) or used as an accessible and agile tool, such as for the modelling of small‐scale petroglyphs (Ortiz‐Sanz, Gil‐Docampo, Martínez‐Rodríguez, Sanmartín‐Rego, & Meijide‐Cameselle, ; Peña‐Villasenín et al, ).…”

“…Previous works (Gil‐Docampo, Ortiz‐Sanz, Rego‐Sanmartin, & Arza‐Garcia, ; Ioannidis, Soile, & Verykokou, ; Jalandoni, Domingo, & Taçon, ; Peña‐Villasenín et al, ) have already shown that photogrammetry is accessible to non‐expert documenters and that the metric quality of 3D models obtained by these simple and flexible methodologies is sufficient for heritage studies. Nevertheless, this vision of photogrammetry is not yet a widespread idea, and the proposed methodology is addressed in a complex way that requires the use of topographic devices (Bayram et al, ; Höll, Holler, & Pinz, ), professional and costly software (Larsson et al, ), drones (Wang et al, ), poles (Martínez‐Rodríguez, Ortiz‐Sanz, & Gil‐Docampo, ), or specific cameras (Mas Cornellà et al, ) – methods that are not accessible to non‐expert documenters.…”