Produtividade e exportação de nutrientes em beterraba cultivada com cobertura morta e adubação orgânica

Abstract

, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Beta vulgaris, cobertura do solo, produtividade, dejeto de suíno, lodoYield and nutrient export of sugar beet under mulching and organic fertilization A B ST R A C T This work aimed to evaluate the effect of soil cover and doses of sludge from sedimentation pond of swine wastewater on yield and nutrient export in sugar beet cultivar Early Wonder. The experiment was conducted at the Vale do Piranga Experimental Farm belonging to EPAMIG Zona da Mata in Oratórios (MG), from 07/08/08 to 09/11/08. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot in randomized block design with four replications. The main plots consisted of three types of mulching: sugarcane bagasse, coffee husk and without any cover, and the subplots of five doses of sludge: 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 t ha -1 . At 70 days after transplanting, harvest was carried out. Mulching with coffee husk provided the highest root unit weight and increased yield of commercial roots, independent of the sludge dose. The most exported nutrients by the shoots were Ca, Mg and S, while N, P and K were the most exported by the roots. With a population of 400,000 plants ha -1 and yield of 34.22 t ha -1, the mean quantities of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S exported by the roots were 140, 24, 180, 8, 17 and 5 kg ha -1 and 371, 435, 320, 74 and 250 g ha -1 of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B respectively.

Acúmulo e exportação de macronutrientes em beterraba sob diferentes manejos de fertirrigação e salinidade

“…Não houve diferenças significativas para o acúmulo de P e Ca na parte aérea das plantas com relação aos manejos da fertirrigação estudados. Observa-se que os valores de K foram os maiores dentre os nutrientes acumulados; possivelmente, o excessivo acúmulo desse nutriente se deve à alta disponibilidade no solo, conforme Wakeel et al (2010) em estudos sobre a substituição de K por Na na beterraba açucareira e Sedyama et al (2011) ao avaliarem a produtividade e exportação de nutrientes em beterraba submetida a cobertura morta e adubação orgânica. Em ambas as pesquisas citadas, observou-se maior acúmulo de K na cultura da beterraba em relação aos demais nutrientes absorvidos.…”

“…Os resultados obtidos para C 2 foram semelhantes aos obtidos por Sedyama et al (2011), que observaram uma exportação para cultura da beterraba na ordem de K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. Porém, os valores de Ca e Mg no presente estudo foram superiores aos observados por esses autores. Com relação ao fator manejo da fertirrigação, a exportação de N, K e S foi superior no M 2 , e, possivelmente, o efeito da salinidade do solo pode ter influenciado de maneira negativa no M 1 , como observado no estudo de Silva et al (2015), onde o excesso de sais prejudicou o desenvolvimento da cultura da beterraba no manejo tradicional da fertirrigação.…”

Soil covering in organic cultivation of onion cultivars

“…The beneficial effect provided by the soil covering, such as reduction in weed infestation (SILVA et al, 2009), reduction of soil temperature (OLIVEIRA et al, 2005), greater nutrient availability (OLIVEIRA et al, 2008), greater microbial biomass (WANG et al, 2008) and greater water economy (OLIVEIRA et al, 2005;MOTA et al, 2010), which promote greater yield in other crops like chives (ARAÚJO NETO et al, 2010) and beets (SEDIYAMA et al, 2011), did not translate into better performance for onion. The use of a protected environment, the residual effect of the succession of organic management in the area and the efficient control of irrigation may have neutralized the effect of the soil coverings.…”

“…Sediyama et al (2011) founded an increase of 20% in the productivity of beets in soil covered with coffee bean husks. It is demonstrated in both cases that the use of mulch had a beneficial effect on the production of vegetables.…”

“…Despite the beneficial effect of mulch soil covering in the reduction of weed infestation (SILVA et al, 2009), in the reduction of soil temperature (OLIVEIRA et al, 2005), in nutrient availability (OLIVEIRA et al, 2008), in the increase of the microbial biomass of the soil (WANG et al, 2008;LEE, 2010) and in improved water economy (OLIVEIRA et al, 2005;MOTA et al, 2010), the effect of the use of soil coverings on crop production depends on three other factors: the physical, chemical and biological traits of the material (SEDIYAMA et al, 2011) that can increase the productivity of vegetables (LEE, 2010). Thus, it is advisable that the use of mulch soil covering must be regionally adapted, and that, in addition to being technically possible, must be economically viable.…”