PRODUKSI ENZIM KITINASE DARI Aspergillus niger MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH CANGKANG RAJUNGAN SEBAGAI INDUSER

Abstract

AbstrakKitinase merupakan enzim hidrolitik yang dapat menghidrolisis kitin pada ikatan β-1,4-glikosidiknya dengan menghasilkan derivat-derivat kitin seperti oligomer kitin yang mempunyai banyak manfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengembangan produksi enzim kitinase dari sumber lokal yang melimpah di alamserta murah dengan melakukan optimasi substrat dalam hal ini digunakan substrat tetes tebu (molase) dan limbah cangkang rajungan untuk produksi enzim kitinase dari Aspergillus niger. Sebelumnya, dilakukan kultivasi isolat kapang Aspergillus niger dengan membuat kurva pertumbuhan menggunakan metode masa sel kering dimana dari hasil penelitian inokulasi optimal adalah 22 jam. Pada proses produksi, diperoleh waktu fermentasi optimal adalah 52 jam dengan menentukan uji aktivitasnya menggunakan metode turbidimetri. Hasil optimasi substrat menunjukkan bahwa enzim kitinase yang maksimal diperoleh pada penambahan molase 0,5% (b/v) dengan unit aktivitas enzim 0,14726 (U/mL) dan cangkang rajungan 2% (b/v) dengan unit aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan 0,12826 (U/mL). Kitinase dari Aspergillus niger ini mempunyai pH optimal 6 dan suhu optimal 40 o C. Kata kunci: Aspergillus niger, kitinase, cangkang rajungan, molase AbstractChitinase is a hydrolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin on β-1,4-glycosidic bond and thereby producing chitin derivatives such as chitin oligomers that have multiple benefits. The purpose of this research was to develop the production of chitinase enzyme from cheap and are abundant local nature sources, by optimizations substrate in this case the substrate used molasses and crab shell waste for the production of chitinase enzyme from Aspergillus niger. Previously, isolates of Aspergillus niger cultivated by creating a growth curve using dry cell mass method which from the results of research inoculation optimal are 22 hours. In the production process, obtained the optimum fermentation time is 52 hours to determine the activity test using turbidimetry method. Result of substrate optimizations indicate that chitinase enzyme maximum by addition of molasses obtained in 0.5% (w/v) with enzyme activity units 0.14726 (U/mL) and crab shells 2% (w/v) with enzyme activity units 0.12826 (U/mL). Chitinase from Aspergillus niger has a pH optimum 6 and temperature optimum 40 o C.

Anti-fungal substances of Bacillus subtilis against Ganoderma boninense

“…Each culture was incubated at 37 °C at 170 rpm in shaker incubator and collected every 4 h until 48 h. Addition, their optical density was measured at 600 nm. The culture was then centrifuged at 3,500 rpm for 20 min at 4 °C to obtain the crude extract (supernatant) of extracellular chitinase enzyme (Purkan et al, 2016). The crude chitinase was then measured for its activity.…”

“…Chitinase activity was carried out according to Purkan et al (2016). The crude extract of an extracellular enzyme (400 µL) was added with 1% colloidal chitin substrate (1600 µL) which was dissolved in 50 mM pH 7.0.…”

“…The optimum temperature was determined by incubating the enzymatic reaction mixtures within the temperature range of 20 to 60 °C with 10 °C intervals, using the previous observation that pH optimum of activity. The stability of chitinase activity was investigated by incubating the enzyme activity within optimum pH and temperature for 30 min (Purkan et al, 2016).…”

Pertumbuhan miselia jamur merang (Volvariella volvaceae) lokasi pacing dengan jenis media dan konsentrasi biakan murni secara in vitro

“…Berdasarkan Grafik 2, dapat diketahui bahwa jenis media PDA menunjukan laju arah koloni radial tertinggi sebesar 3,08 cm/hari kemudian disusul media arang sekam padi sebesar 2,57 cm hari -1 , selanjutnya media jerami 2,16 cm hari -1 dan media campuran arang sekam padi dan jerami sebesar 2,06 cm hari -1 . Menurut hasil Purkan et al (2015), pertumbuhan dan penyebaran miselia pada media yang lebih banyak mengandung lignin akan mengakibatkan pertumbuhan tubuh buah dan umur panen pertama juga semakin lambat, hal ini disebabkan karena media belum seluruhnya terdekomposisi secara merata saat tahap produksi jamur masih mendegradasi nutrisi yang terdapat pada media, sehingga energi yang dibutuhkan belum cukup. Menurut hasil penelitian Trimurti (2011), berdasarkan uji DMRT 5% rata-rata waktu terbentuknya miselium tercepat adalah 3 HSI dengan menggunakan kaldu kentang konsentrasi 20%.…”

Screening Endophytic Fungi from Local Rice for Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production

“…Chitinase is a hydrolytic enzyme that can hydrolyze chitin in its β-1,4-glycosidic bonds by producing chitin derivatives such as chitin oligomers which have many benefits [5] Chitinase enzymes are currently widely used as biocontrol agents because they can degrade chitin into environmentally friendly products and can be used in the fields of health, food, industry and others Pratiwi et al (2015); [6] The decomposition process of lignocellulose compounds can involve microorganisms. According to Indrawati, 2005; Yosmar, Suharti, and Rasyid (2013), microorganisms involved in cellulose decomposition vary, including fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes.Similar to [8] common chitinase is produced by bacterial cells, fungi, animals, and plants.…”