Production components and yield loss of garlic cultivars planted at different times in a field naturally infested with Sclerotium cepivorum

Pinto, Cleide Maria Ferreira; Maffia, Luiz A.; Casali, V. W. D.; Berger, R. D.; Cardoso, A. A.

doi:10.1080/096708700227598

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…White rot disease caused by the soil-borne pathogen Stromatinia cepivora (Berk.) Whetzel is one of the most important and destructive diseases of garlic and prevalent worldwide (Pinto et al 2000;Coventry et al 2002;Ulacio-Osorio et al 2006;Tamire et al 2007;Zeray and Mohammed 2013;Dilbo et al 2015). The first indication of white rot infection is a change in leaf color from bright green to blue green.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inoculum density of Stromatinia cepivora on the amount of white rot reduced by Trichoderma species in garlic

et al. 2019

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Background: White rot, a garlic disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Stromatinia cepivora (Berk.) Whetzel, is a serious problem of garlic productions in Egypt. This study examines the potential of controlling the disease biologically by using three Trichoderma species, i.e., Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma virens employed either alone or in combination. Results:In in vitro assays, three Trichoderma species, i.e., Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma virens and tebuconazole, were compared for their ability to suppress S. cepivora isolate (Sc8). In greenhouse experiments, the chemical treatment was the most effective, with the lowest incidence of garlic white rot compared with the control. The antagonistic fungi tested either individually or in combination significantly reduced the incidence of white rot on garlic. In general, dual and triple combinations of the fungal isolates were more effective than these isolates used individually. The combination of the three Trichoderma species was the most effective treatment, decreasing disease incidence by 50.0% in 2016/2017 season and 40.0% in 2017/2018 season, respectively. The three Trichoderma species employed alone or in combinations and tebuconazole were evaluated under low and high disease pressures in field trials to determine which situation (s) provided the best control of garlic white rot. Under low (40 sclerotia/kg of soil) and high (600 sclerotia/kg of soil) inoculum density, the standard fungicide programme (dipping of garlic cloves in tebuconazole (1 ml of Folicur 25% l −1 of water) plus spraying garlic stem bases with the same concentration of tebuconazole) gave statistically significant disease control, decreasing disease incidence by 67.7 and 29.4% in 2016/2017 season and 72.6 and 31. 1% in 2017/2018 season, respectively. Under low disease pressure, significant control, equal to the fungicide treatment, was achieved with the trip combination of three Trichoderma species. However, Trichoderma species employed alone gave insignificant control of garlic white rot under high disease pressure. The triple combination of three Trichoderma species decreasing disease incidence by 65.6 and 15.5% in 2016/2017 season and 74.2 and 18.6% during 2017/2018 season, under low and high inoculum density, respectively. The activities of defense enzymes, i.e., peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and chitinase due to application of Trichoderma species, were enhanced in garlic plants either grown under low or high disease pressures. Reduction of white rot disease incidence was accompanied by increased growth parameters and bulbs yield of garlic plants grown under field conditions. Conclusions: These results indicated that the performance of three Trichoderma species may be influenced as much by the absolute disease pressure. It was concluded that, at the low disease pressure site, the low level of inoculum and disease incidence enabled three Trichoderma species to bring about disease control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inoculum density of Stromatinia cepivora on the amount of white rot reduced by Trichoderma species in garlic

et al. 2019

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“…Economic significance of garlic in Ethiopia is fairly considerable and contributes to the national economy as export commodity [5] and important for small holder farmers [6]. It was reported that heavy damage to garlic due to fungal diseases, in later years, has become very important in major production areas of garlic [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sclerotia are stimulated to germinate only by Allium-specific root exudates (alkylcysteine sulphoxides) which are broken down by soil microorganisms to form thiols and sulphide compounds and then stimulate S. cepivorum sclerotia to germinate, indicating that the host range is limited to Allium species [10]. White rot causes important economic losses in garlic production worldwide and can cause losses from 1 to 100% [11]. In Ethiopia, the yield loss has been found to range between 20.7% and 53.4 % [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Management of Garli c White Rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk)Using Some Fungicides and Antifungal Trichoderma Species

Dilbo¹

2015

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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White rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk), is one of the most destructive soil borne pathogens that pose significant threat to production of garlic and other Allium species in Ethiopia and all over the world. Since most of the conventional control methods are not effective, the development of eco-friendly and cost effective integrated management method is critically required. A study was then conducted with completely randomized design and three replications that consist of all possible combinations of 31 treatments. The study was conducted during 2013/14 under greenhouse condition with the objective of evaluating the effect of two fungicides, Apron Star 42 WS and Tebuconazole, and in combination with four Trichoderma species namely T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. oblongisporum and T. viride. The results of this study revealed that the efficacy of both fungicides, when tested alone, against S. cepivorum was lower than those treated with Trichoderma spp. alone and the fungicide combined treatments. Among all treatments, T16 (Apron Star 42 WS fungicide combined with T. hamatum and T. viride) has provided the best antagonistic activity against S. cepivorum with no disease incidence, followed by T. viride (T8) alone and Tebuconazole combined with T. hamtum (T21) (both 11.1% incidence). This was well correlated to the level of foliar, stem base and bulb rots symptoms as well as to plant growth and biomass of garlic plant parts. The results suggested that integration of fungicides and Trichoderma species is better than applying them alone, which could be attributed to the synergistic and additive growth promoting effects of combined treatments besides controlling the disease. This integrated approach appears to be the first report in Ethiopia, which has never been tested before.

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“…), is one of the principal diseases of garlic and onion worldwide, especially in regions where cultivation occurs during the coldest times of the year (Fuga et al, 2012). In infested areas, losses caused by this disease may reach 100% (Pinto et al, 2000). The sclerotia formed by S. cepivora can guarantee its survival in the field for up to 20 years (Coley-Smith et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the mycelial growth and germination of Stromatinia cepivora by plant extracts and essential oils

et al. 2018

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Stromatinia cepivora is one of the major pathogens of Allium species worldwide. Assuming that substances produced by plants may be used in the management of this pathogen, the effect of plant extracts and essential oils on the mycelial growth and germination of S. cepivora was assessed in this study. The fungus was grown on PDA medium with aqueous and ethanolic extracts (20 %, m:v) of mentrasto, rue, ginger, false saffron, garlic and citronella at the concentrations of 1 or 10 mL L -1 and the essential oils of citronella, rosemary, neem and Corymbia citriodora at 100, 200, 400, 800 or 1,200 µL L -1 . None of the plant extracts reduced the germination of the sclerotia. All aqueous extracts at 10,000 µL L -1 reduced the growth of the fungus from 28.0% to 53.5%. At the 1,000 µL L -1 , the ethanolic extracts of ginger, citronella, rue and false saffron reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 45.1 %, especially the extract of ginger. The essential oils of all the plants suppressed the mycelial growth of S. cepivora at 800 and 1,200 µL L -1 , especially the citronella and rosemary oils at 1,200 µL L -1 , which caused 100% of inhibition. 5 % of sclerotia germinated in PDA containing the oils at 1,200 µL L -1 , regardless the plants. The extracts of mentrasto, rue, ginger, false saffron and citronella and especially the essential oils of citronella, rosemary, neem and C. citriodora at 1,200 µL L -1 have substances that inhibit the growth of S. cepivora.Additional keywords: Allium spp.; alternative control; white rot. ResumoStromatinia cepivora é um dos principais patógenos de espécies de Allium em todo o mundo. Partindo do pressuposto de que substâncias produzidas por plantas podem ser usadas no manejo desse patógeno, o efeito de extratos vegetais e de óleos essenciais sobre o crescimento micelial e a germinação de S. cepivora foi avaliado neste estudo. O fungo foi cultivado em BDA com extratos aquosos e etanólicos (20%, m: v) de mentrasto, arruda, gengibre, falso-açafrão, alho e citronela, nas concentrações de 1 ou 10 mL L -1 e os óleos essenciais de citronela, alecrim, nim e eucalipto citriodora, a 100; 200; 400; 800 ou 1.200 µL L -1 . Nenhum dos extratos de plantas reduziu a germinação dos escleródios. Todos os extratos aquosos a 10.000 µL L -1 reduziram o crescimento do fungo, variando de 28,0% a 53,5%. Na concentração de 10.000 µL L -1 , os extratos etanólico de gengibre, citronela, arruda e falso-açafrão reduziram o crescimento micelial do patógeno até 45,1%, especialmente o extrato de gengibre. Os óleos essenciais de todas as plantas suprimiram o crescimento micelial de S. cepivora a 800 e 1.200 µL L -1 , especialmente a citronela e os óleos de alecrim, a 1.200 µL L -1 , que causaram 100% de inibição, 5% dos escleródios germinados em BDA contendo os óleos na concentração de 1.200 µL L -1 , independentemente da planta. Os extratos de mentrasto, arruda, gengibre, açafrão e falsa-citronela e, especialmente, os óleos essenciais de citronela, alecrim, nim e eucalipto citriodora, em 1200 µL L -1 , têm...

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Production components and yield loss of garlic cultivars planted at different times in a field naturally infested with Sclerotium cepivorum

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of inoculum density of Stromatinia cepivora on the amount of white rot reduced by Trichoderma species in garlic

Effect of inoculum density of Stromatinia cepivora on the amount of white rot reduced by Trichoderma species in garlic

Integrated Management of Garli c White Rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk)Using Some Fungicides and Antifungal Trichoderma Species

Inhibition of the mycelial growth and germination of Stromatinia cepivora by plant extracts and essential oils

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