Production and processing of graphene and 2d crystals

Bonaccorso, Francesco; Lombardo, Antonio; Hasan, Tawfique; Sun, Zhipei; Colombo, Luigi; Ferrari, Andrea C.

doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(13)70014-2

Cited by 914 publications

(995 citation statements)

References 493 publications

(733 reference statements)

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“…Compared to other 2D crystals, the bilayer binding is about two to three times larger than in graphite [22,23] and 1.5 -2 times larger than in Bi 2 Se 3 [24], as obtained from theory. Both materials [25,26] and many other [1,27] allow for the isolation of 2D crystals by mechanical exfoliation techniques, and we infer from our calculations that the interlayer binding in K 2 CuF 4 is weak enough to exfoliate single layers of K 2 CuF 4 as well. Similar as for other 2D crystals, a possible way to produce single layers of K 2 CuF 4 could be the Scotch tape method.…”

Section: Gpa (W/o Vdw)mentioning

confidence: 65%

Ferromagnetic two-dimensional crystals: Single layers of K2CuF4

et al. 2013

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The successful isolation of graphene ten years ago has evoked a rapidly growing scientific interest in the nature of two-dimensional (2D) crystals. A number of different 2D crystals has been produced since then, with properties ranging from superconductivity to insulating behavior. Here, we predict the possibility for realizing ferromagnetic 2D crystals by exfoliating atomically thin films of K2CuF4. From a first-principles theoretical analysis, we find that single layers of K2CuF4 form exactly 2D Kosterlitz-Thouless systems. The 2D crystal can form a free-standing membrane, and exhibits an experimentally accessible transition temperature and robust magnetic moments of 1µB per formula unit. 2D K2CuF4 unites ferromagnetic and insulating properties and is a demonstration of principles for nanoelectronics such as novel 2D-based heterostructures.Introduction The large variety of two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals which are available to us [1, 2] comprise into a very rich class of materials, which collectively covers a large diversity of properties. Also, the recent progress in creating heterostructures made from individual atomic crystals [3][4][5] allowed the investigation of such phenomena as Coulomb drag [6] and the Hofstadter butterfly [7][8][9], but also facilitated the creation of novel, often multifunctional devices, such as tunneling transistors [10,11] and photovoltaic devices [12][13][14].

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Section: Gpa (W/o Vdw)mentioning

confidence: 65%

Ferromagnetic two-dimensional crystals: Single layers of K2CuF4

et al. 2013

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“…SLG is first grown on copper foils by CVD 54 . A B25 mm thick Cu foil is loaded in a 4-inch quartz tube and heated to 1,000°C with an H 2 gas flow of 20 cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) at 200 mTorr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2D peak is a single sharp Lorentzian, which is the signature of SLG 55 . We then transfer a 10 Â 10 mm 2 region of SLG onto quartz substrates (100 mm thick) as follows 54 . Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is spincoated on the one side of graphene samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene

et al. 2013

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Graphene is emerging as a viable alternative to conventional optoelectronic, plasmonic and nanophotonic materials. The interaction of light with charge carriers creates an out-ofequilibrium distribution, which relaxes on an ultrafast timescale to a hot Fermi-Dirac distribution, that subsequently cools emitting phonons. Although the slower relaxation mechanisms have been extensively investigated, the initial stages still pose a challenge. Experimentally, they defy the resolution of most pump-probe setups, due to the extremely fast sub-100 fs carrier dynamics. Theoretically, massless Dirac fermions represent a novel many-body problem, fundamentally different from Schrödinger fermions. Here we combine pump-probe spectroscopy with a microscopic theory to investigate electron-electron interactions during the early stages of relaxation. We identify the mechanisms controlling the ultrafast dynamics, in particular the role of collinear scattering. This gives rise to Auger processes, including charge multiplication, which is key in photovoltage generation and photodetectors.

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“…However, some of these properties could be partially recovered by a reduction treatment, and the resulting material is called reduced graphene oxide, rG-O [12]. In the past few years, there was an agreement that GO was scalable in the ton-scale [13], and consequently, emerged as a precursor for an affordable form of graphene suitable for high-volume applications, such as composites [14] and energy storage components [15]. More recently, the interest in GO synthesis remains and companies working in biotechnology and electrochemistry are now showing interest [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, high-shear liquid exfoliated PG offers an alternative to the bulk synthesis of graphene-like materials [6] which could also be used in the fabrication of composites [16] and batteries [17]. An advantage of GO when compared to pristine graphene flakes lies in the presence of functional groups that make it ideal for applications involving composites in which matrix-filler bonding is preferred [14,18]. Therefore, the control in the fabrication of novel hybrid materials and 3-dimensional structures [10] require the development of an adequate and reliable synthesis model which could deep our knowledge in understanding the detailed structure of GO and its reduced forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

Rodriguez-Pastor

Ramos-Fernández

Varela-Rizo

et al. 2015

Carbon

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Please cite this article as: Rodriguez-Pastor, I., Ramos-Fernandez, G., Varela-Rizo, H., Terrones, M., Martin-Gullon, I., Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic-and fulviclike oxidized debris, Carbon (2014), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon. 2014.12.027 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Abstract Former structural models of graphene oxide (GO) indicated that it consists of graphenelike sheets with oxygen groups, and no attention was paid to the resulting sheet size. We now provide evidence of the complex GO structure consisting of large and small GO sheets (or oxidized debris). Different oxidation reactions were studied. KMnO 4 derived GO consists of large sheets (20-30 wt. %), and oxidized debris deposits, which are formed by humic-and fulvic-like fragments. Large GO sheets contain oxygen groups, especially at the edges, such as carbonyl, lactone and carboxylic groups. Humic-like debris consists of an amorphous gel containing more oxygenated groups and trapped water molecules. The main desorbable fraction upon heating is the fulvic-like material, which contains oxygen groups and fragments with high edge/surface ratio. KClO 3 in HNO 3 or the Brodie method produces a highly oxidized material but at the flake level surface only; little oxidized debris and water contents are found. It is noteworthy that an efficient basal cutting of the graphitic planes in addition to an effective intercalation is caused by KMnO 4 , and the aid of NaNO 3 makes this process even more effective, thus yielding large monolayers of GO and a large amount of humic-and fulvic-like substances.

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Production and processing of graphene and 2d crystals

Cited by 914 publications

References 493 publications

Ferromagnetic two-dimensional crystals: Single layers of K2CuF4

Ferromagnetic two-dimensional crystals: Single layers of K2CuF4

Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

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