PROCUSTE1 Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Normal Cell Elongation Specifically in Roots and Dark-Grown Hypocotyls of Arabidopsis

Fagard, Mathilde; Desnos, Thierry; Desprez, Thierry; Goubet, Florence; Refrégier, Guislaine; Mouille, Grégory; McCann, Maureen C.; Rayon, Catherine; Vernhettes, Samantha; Höfte, Monica

doi:10.2307/3871238

Cited by 156 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…This is compatible with genetic evidence indicating that these genes encode components of cellulose synthase complexes that mediate secondary cell wall synthesis in xylem cells (Turner and Somerville 1997;Taylor et al 2003;Zhong et al 2003). The high level of expression of the CESA1 (rsw1), CESA3 (Turner and Somerville 1997); prc, procuste (Fagard et al 2000); STG4425 (Goubet et al 2003); rat, resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (Zhu et al 2003a, b); kjk refers to kojak, a root-hairless mutant (Favery et al 2001).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Global expression analysis of CESA and CSL genes in Arabidopsis

Hamann¹,

Osborne²,

Youngs³

et al. 2004

Cellulose

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We have used Affymetrix gene chips to measure the expression of 10 CESA and 29 CSL genes of Arabidopsis in different developmental stages or organs. These measurements reveal that many of the genes exhibit different levels of expression in the various organs. While several CESA genes are highly expressed in all the tissues examined, very few CSL genes approach such high levels of expression. This suggests that the CSL genes either encode enzymes for the synthesis of minor components of cell walls or are expressed only in specific cell types. The expression data also highlights the potential importance of the CESA genes for primary and secondary cell wall formation during different developmental stages and in the different organs examined.Abbreviations: FTIR -Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; CESA -cellulose synthase; cev 1 -constitutive expression of VSP1;

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Global expression analysis of CESA and CSL genes in Arabidopsis

Hamann¹,

Osborne²,

Youngs³

et al. 2004

Cellulose

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“…The extensive morphological alterations indicate that CesA1 synthesizes cellulose for primary cell walls, and this is directly demonstrated by changed wall ultrastructure in mitotic and expanding root cells (Sugimoto et al, 2001). Mutations in CesA6 (PRO-CUSTE; Fagard et al, 2000) result in a similar phenotype, again consistent with deposition of primary cell wall cellulose. While this manuscript was in preparation, Scheible et al (2001) demonstrated that mutations in CesA3 (and CesA6) confer resistance to isoxaben, a herbicide specifically inhibiting cellulose.…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

Functional Analysis of the Cellulose Synthase GenesCesA1, CesA2, and CesA3 in Arabidopsis

et al. 2002

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Polysaccharide analyses of mutants link several of the glycosyltransferases encoded by the 10 CesA genes of Arabidopsis to cellulose synthesis. Features of those mutant phenotypes point to particular genes depositing cellulose predominantly in either primary or secondary walls. We used transformation with antisense constructs to investigate the functions of CesA2 (AthA) and CesA3 (AthB), genes for which reduced synthesis mutants are not yet available. Plants expressing antisense CesA1 (RSW1) provided a comparison with a gene whose mutant phenotype (Rsw1 Ϫ ) points mainly to a primary wall role. The antisense phenotypes of CesA1 and CesA3 were closely similar and correlated with reduced expression of the target gene. Reductions in cell length rather than cell number underlay the shorter bolts and stamen filaments. Surprisingly, seedling roots were unaffected in both CesA1 and CesA3 antisense plants. In keeping with the mild phenotype compared with Rsw1 Ϫ , reductions in total cellulose levels in antisense CesA1 and CesA3 plants were at the borderline of significance. We conclude that CesA3, like CesA1, is required for deposition of primary wall cellulose. To test whether there were important functional differences between the two, we overexpressed CesA3 in rsw1 but were unable to complement that mutant's defect in CesA1. The function of CesA2 was less obvious, but, consistent with a role in primary wall deposition, the rate of stem elongation was reduced in antisense plants growing rapidly at 31°C.Cellulose is the most abundant plant polysaccharide, providing mechanical support to individual cells and the whole plant. Cellulose microfibrils are spooled around each cell and, with hemicellulose bridges between the microfibrils, form a network that serves as the main load-bearing element of the plant and regulates the direction of cell expansion. Cell walls are categorized according to whether they are deposited during cell growth (primary) or after it ceases (secondary). Cells with strongly aligned cellulose expand anisotropically, favoring expansion along the direction of least resistance (perpendicular to the microfibrils) and restricting growth in diameter (parallel to the microfibrils). This directional cell expansion is then translated into the direction of expansion of the entire organ.Cellulose is synthesized by structures in the plasma membrane known as rosettes (Brown et al., 1996). There are fewer rosettes in mutants that make less cellulose such as the Arabidopsis rsw1-1 mutant (Arioli et al., 1998) and the barley (Hordeum vulgare) brittle culm mutant (Kimura et al., 1999b). Recent progress has identified genes encoding two classes of enzymes important in cellulose synthesis: members of a family of CesA glycosyltransferases (for review, see Richmond, 2000) and one member of a small family of membrane-bound endo-1,4-␤-glucanases (Nicol et al., 1998; Zuo et al., 2000;Lane et al., 2001; Sato et al., 2001). Pear et al. (1996) identified a gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase that was strongly expr...

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“…Growth in the presence of high sucrose rendered wild-type roots hypersensitive to isoxaben ( Figure 5A), which indicates that elevated sucrose sensitizes roots to perturbations in cellulose synthesis. In the presence of low sucrose, both the prc1 mutant, which disrupts a catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase (CESA6) (Fagard et al, 2000), and fei1 fei2 displayed increased sensitivity to isoxaben ( Figure 5C). This suggests that fei1 fei2 perturbs the biosynthesis or function of cellulose.…”

Section: The Fei1 Fei2 Mutant Is Defective In Cellulose Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose synthesis was determined by [ 14 C]Glc labeling as described (Fagard et al, 2000) with the following modifications. Seedlings were grown on 0% sucrose MS plates for 4 d and then transferred to MS medium containing various supplements (as indicated in the figure legends) for 3 d. Root tips (1.5 cm) were cut and washed three times with 3 mL of glucose-free MS medium.…”

Section: Cellulose Synthesis Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinases Mediate Signaling, Linking Cell Wall Biosynthesis and ACC Synthase in Arabidopsis

et al. 2008

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The plant cell wall is a dynamic structure that changes in response to developmental and environmental cues through poorly understood signaling pathways. We identified two Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana that play a role in regulating cell wall function. Mutations in these FEI1 and FEI2 genes (named for the Chinese word for fat) disrupt anisotropic expansion and the synthesis of cell wall polymers and act additively with inhibitors or mutations disrupting cellulose biosynthesis. While FEI1 is an active protein kinase, a kinase-inactive version of FEI1 was able to fully complement the fei1 fei2 mutant. The expansion defect in fei1 fei2 roots was suppressed by inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, an enzyme that converts Ado-Met to ACC in ethylene biosynthesis, but not by disruption of the ethylene response pathway. Furthermore, the FEI proteins interact directly with ACC synthase. These results suggest that the FEI proteins define a novel signaling pathway that regulates cell wall function, likely via an ACC-mediated signal.

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PROCUSTE1 Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Normal Cell Elongation Specifically in Roots and Dark-Grown Hypocotyls of Arabidopsis

Cited by 156 publications

References 18 publications

Global expression analysis of CESA and CSL genes in Arabidopsis

Global expression analysis of CESA and CSL genes in Arabidopsis

Functional Analysis of the Cellulose Synthase GenesCesA1, CesA2, and CesA3 in Arabidopsis

Two Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinases Mediate Signaling, Linking Cell Wall Biosynthesis and ACC Synthase in Arabidopsis

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