Processes of Sterile Inflammation

Abstract

Sterile inflammation occurs in acute conditions such as ischemia reperfusion injury and crystal-induced arthritis, and also with chronic diseases such as particle-induced lung diseases and atherosclerosis. The triggers of sterile inflammation are still being identified and the pathways that transduce sterile inflammatory signals are not completely clear. Currently, most of the innate immune pathways that sense infection have been implicated in sterile inflammation, although distinct signaling pathways of sterile inflammation exist. Whether immune pathology ensues after sterile inflammation depends on the balance of induced inflammatory and resolution pathways. Further identification of the molecular mechanisms of sterile inflammation will lead to novel therapeutics to treat a wide range of diseases.

Neutrophil transcriptional profile changes during transit from bone marrow to sites of inflammation

“…This system is highly relevant for neutrophil recruitment in diseases with underlying endogenously triggered inflammation including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and some autoimmune diseases. 16,17 As a result, we believe that the gene changes here in the sterile inflammation model may also be consistent with changes in these other inflammatory responses.…”

“…When analyzing functions involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, such as cell movement and leukocyte migration, our results were the opposite of what has been previously reported in neutrophils found in tumors. 16,17,49 We found enrichment of leukocyte migration and cell movement in tissue neutrophils (PMN-PE), while Fridlender et al 18,49 reported downregulation of the same pathways in neutrophils in tumoral tissue. This difference likely reflects differences in tumor-associated neutrophils and tissue neutrophils, where at a tumor site, once neutrophils arrive, they lose their ability to leave the area and therefore no longer require the cell migration apparatus.…”

Pathophysiology of heart failure and frailty: a common inflammatory origin?

“…Sterile inflammation occurs in conditions such as acute ischemia reperfusion injury or during chronic inflammatory processes evident with HF (Shen et al ., 2013). Chronic inflammatory markers are also associated with frailty (Darvin et al ., 2014).…”

The Role of Dendritic Cells in Renal Inflammation

“…high-mobility group box 1 [HMGB-1]), mitochondrial components, uric acid, cellular chaperones (e.g. heat shock proteins), or extracellular matrix moieties including hyaluronan [18]. DAMPs are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (including the NLRP inflammasomes) [19].…”