Process and equipment development for the preparation of small size UO2 microspheres by Jet Entrainment Technique

Ganatra, V. R.; Kumar, N.; Suryanarayana, S. V.; Bamankar, Y. R.; Reghu, N.; Vaidya, V.N.; Mukerjee, S.K.

doi:10.1007/s10967-007-6998-1

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1, the location of the shaker was moved from the transfer line to the nozzle in an effort to reduce the potential for plugging. While the use of a vibrating nozzle is common [15], this modification required a new alignment system that could easily support the weight of the shaker. Third, the diameter and length of the transfer line between the broth pot and the shaker were reduced.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The addition of silicon carbide to surrogate nuclear fuel kernels made by the internal gelation process

Hunt

Hunn

et al. 2010

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Experimental Apparatus and Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The addition of silicon carbide to surrogate nuclear fuel kernels made by the internal gelation process

Hunt

Hunn

et al. 2010

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…[ 15 ] Ganatra et al have devised the jet entrainment technique for making tiny microspheres (100 ± 20 μm). [ 16 ] To my knowledge, however, not a single technique can make microspheres that are uniform in size. Microfluidic devices containing glass capillaries were used for the manufacture of monodisperse microspheres [ 17,18 ] They allow the creation of monodisperse droplets with a coefficient of variation of size distribution <3% due to micrometre‐scale control over droplet size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of CeO₂ microspheres by internal gelation process using flow‐focusing droplet generator

et al. 2023

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Sphere‐pac fuel is an alternative nuclear fuel technology in which microspheres of two or more sizes are utilized to fill the cladding tube in place of the more conventional single‐size fuel pellets. This provides leeway for adjusting the fuel pellet packing density and resulting cladding tube porosity. The current investigation makes use of a flow‐focusing droplet generator made from stainless steel (S.S.) 316 L, with a channel internal diameter (I.D.) of 0.5, 0.8, 1, and 3 mm. These microspheres were supposed to be of actinide oxide but here, cerium has been chosen as a surrogate of plutonium. Detailed information about the flow‐focusing droplet generator, internal gelation process, and sphere‐pac fuel has been provided. The size and size distribution of ceria microspheres were investigated by varying the flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phase. The characterization of ceria microspheres has been conducted using techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The size of prepared monodisperse microspheres was controlled precisely (within ±2%) in the range of 498–2888 μm using four S.S. 316 L flow‐focusing droplet generators with channel I.D. 0.5, 0.8, 1, and 3 mm, respectively, and the coefficient of variation of the size distribution was found to be less than 2%.

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“…Process controls over the size distribution were limited. More recently, the internal gelation process and the jet entrainment technique have been used to make small, dense UO 2 particles with diameters of 100  20 m [6]. With this technique, one can control throughput and size, but the ability to produce even smaller particles is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of 75–150 µm and <75 µm of cerium dioxide microspheres in high yield and throughput using the internal gelation process

Hunt

Collins

Johnson

et al. 2017

Annals of Nuclear Energy

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Hundreds of grams of calcined cerium dioxide (CeO 2) microspheres were produced using the internal gelation process with a focus on 75−150 µm and <75 µm diameter sizes. To achieve these small sizes, a modified internal gelation system was employed, which utilized a two-fluid nozzle, two static mixers for turbulent flow, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as the medium for gel formation at 333338 K. This effort generated over 400 g of 75−150 µm and 300 g of <75 µm CeO 2 microspheres. The typical product yields for the 75−150 µm and <75 µm microspheres that were collected and processed were 72 and 99 %, respectively, with a typical throughput of 66−73 g of CeO 2 microspheres per test, which could generate a maximum of 78.6 g of CeO 2. The higher yield of very small cerium spheres led to challenges and modifications, which are discussed in detail. As expected, when the <75 µm microspheres were targeted, losses to the system increased significantly.

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Process and equipment development for the preparation of small size UO2 microspheres by Jet Entrainment Technique

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

The addition of silicon carbide to surrogate nuclear fuel kernels made by the internal gelation process

The addition of silicon carbide to surrogate nuclear fuel kernels made by the internal gelation process

Fabrication of CeO₂ microspheres by internal gelation process using flow‐focusing droplet generator

Production of 75–150 µm and <75 µm of cerium dioxide microspheres in high yield and throughput using the internal gelation process

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Process and equipment development for the preparation of small size UO2 microspheres by Jet Entrainment Technique

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

The addition of silicon carbide to surrogate nuclear fuel kernels made by the internal gelation process

The addition of silicon carbide to surrogate nuclear fuel kernels made by the internal gelation process

Fabrication of CeO2 microspheres by internal gelation process using flow‐focusing droplet generator

Production of 75–150 µm and <75 µm of cerium dioxide microspheres in high yield and throughput using the internal gelation process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Fabrication of CeO₂ microspheres by internal gelation process using flow‐focusing droplet generator