Procaine Oil Blocking of Globus Pallidus

Abstract

Archives, pages 36-48, the authors discuss at great length the history of Parkinson's disease and quote numerous authors who performed cortical operations in extrapyramidal disorders. They then report the "conception of blocking of the globus pallidus." "The procedure was based on the idea of the antagonistic functional correlation of corpus striatum and the globus pallidus." They quote animal experiments by Wilson and Mettler and Ades in which the globus pallidus was stimulated and Meyer's operation on the caudate nucleus. They "thought that much more selective invasion of the caudate nucleus would be possible with the stereotactic method than by such a major neurosurgical procedure." In this way they try to create the impression that they were the first who performed stereotactic operations on the basal ganglia, not even mentioning with a single word the fact that we have reported such operations re¬ peatedly since 1949. They also describe a stereoencephalotome that is merely an imitation of our apparatus. We feel that their method of only listing our references among others that have hardly a bearing on their work, without mentioning that their methods are just imitations or modifications of ours (injection of procaine in oil instead of electrolysis) is entirely in¬ appropriate and misleading.To the Editor:\p=m-\Inanswer to the letter of Drs. Spiegel and Wycis, we think it necessary to emphasize the following points:1. Though our concern is not particularly with priorities, we invite attention to the fact that our report in the January, 1956, issue of the Archives is concerned especially with procaine oil blocking of the globus pallidus in Parkinsonian rigidity. This operation was first performed in May, 1952, and the first report was published in March, 1953, in the Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Drs. Spiegel and Wycis have done ansotomy in paralysis agitans since 1952, but they reported pallidotomy only in cases of choreic movement. We believe selective pallidal invasion in Parkinsonism is our innovation. This idea was reached by experienece with the same procedure in cases of double athetosis and was not suggested by their work.In this connection, ligation of the anterior choroidal artery and injection of procaine or alcohol into the globus pallidus by Dr. I. Cooper, of New York, are to be noted.2. We always have acknowledged the priority of Drs. Spiegel and Wycis in adapting the stereotactic instrument to humans, and in previous papers, published in Japan, due credit to them was given. It seems absurd to repeat this credit. But this does not mean our technique is an imitation of theirs. For instance, our instrument is superior in the points that it does not refer to the pineal body as the zero point and all operative procedure is performed with the patient in the supine position and with local anesthesia. Their method and ours are both mod¬ ifications of the Horsley-Clarke technique, published in 1908, and these modifications make scientific progress.3. At present, 96 pallidum operations for Parkinsonis...

Outcomes from stereotactic surgery for essential tremor

“…Various methods for localising and creating lesions within the ventrolateral thalamus have been described for Parkinson’s disease and other tremor disorders since the 1950s and were effective for controlling tremor. Among these early lesioning methods were chemothalamotomy, cryothalamotomy, electrolytic lesioning and RF thalamotomy 42–46. RF thalamotomy was popularised because titrating thermal doses were consistent to apply across patients 45…”

Outcomes from stereotactic surgery for essential tremor

“…Various methods for localising and creating lesions within the ventrolateral thalamus have been described for Parkinson’s disease and other tremor disorders since the 1950s and were effective for controlling tremor. Among these early lesioning methods were chemothalamotomy, cryothalamotomy, electrolytic lesioning and RF thalamotomy 42–46. RF thalamotomy was popularised because titrating thermal doses were consistent to apply across patients 45…”

Circuit Mechanisms of Parkinson’s Disease

“…Prior to development of the MPTP primate model, basal ganglia lesions were known to alleviate motor deficits in PD. GPi lesions reduce rigidity in PD patients (Narabayashi et al, 1956;Cooper and Bravo, 1958), a result later replicated in parkinsonian primates (Baron et al, 2002). Dopaminergic agents also decrease GPi firing (though notably no significant change in STN or GPe firing has been observed) (Boraud et al, 1998;Levy et al, 2001) in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and PD patients.…”

Two Types of the Intrinsic-Plus Hand

“…T h e effects o f u ln a r nerve block w ith d ilu te procaine so lu tio n [16] an d o f s te re o ta x ic d e stru c tio n o f the nucleus v e n tra lis la te ra lis o f th e th a la m u s or o f th e p allid u m in P a rkin so n 's disease and cereb ral p alsy [9,12,13,14,17], w hich abolishes th e h y p e rto n e o f m uscles clearly su p p o rt th is idea.…”

Outcomes from stereotactic surgery for essential tremor

“…Various methods for localising and creating lesions within the ventrolateral thalamus have been described for Parkinson’s disease and other tremor disorders since the 1950s and were effective for controlling tremor. Among these early lesioning methods were chemothalamotomy, cryothalamotomy, electrolytic lesioning and RF thalamotomy 42–46. RF thalamotomy was popularised because titrating thermal doses were consistent to apply across patients 45…”

Circuit Mechanisms of Parkinson’s Disease

“…Prior to development of the MPTP primate model, basal ganglia lesions were known to alleviate motor deficits in PD. GPi lesions reduce rigidity in PD patients (Narabayashi et al, 1956;Cooper and Bravo, 1958), a result later replicated in parkinsonian primates (Baron et al, 2002). Dopaminergic agents also decrease GPi firing (though notably no significant change in STN or GPe firing has been observed) (Boraud et al, 1998;Levy et al, 2001) in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and PD patients.…”

Two Types of the Intrinsic-Plus Hand

“…T h e effects o f u ln a r nerve block w ith d ilu te procaine so lu tio n [16] an d o f s te re o ta x ic d e stru c tio n o f the nucleus v e n tra lis la te ra lis o f th e th a la m u s or o f th e p allid u m in P a rkin so n 's disease and cereb ral p alsy [9,12,13,14,17], w hich abolishes th e h y p e rto n e o f m uscles clearly su p p o rt th is idea.…”

Outcomes from stereotactic surgery for essential tremor

“…Various methods for localising and creating lesions within the ventrolateral thalamus have been described for Parkinson’s disease and other tremor disorders since the 1950s and were effective for controlling tremor. Among these early lesioning methods were chemothalamotomy, cryothalamotomy, electrolytic lesioning and RF thalamotomy 42–46. RF thalamotomy was popularised because titrating thermal doses were consistent to apply across patients 45…”

Circuit Mechanisms of Parkinson’s Disease

“…Prior to development of the MPTP primate model, basal ganglia lesions were known to alleviate motor deficits in PD. GPi lesions reduce rigidity in PD patients (Narabayashi et al, 1956;Cooper and Bravo, 1958), a result later replicated in parkinsonian primates (Baron et al, 2002). Dopaminergic agents also decrease GPi firing (though notably no significant change in STN or GPe firing has been observed) (Boraud et al, 1998;Levy et al, 2001) in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and PD patients.…”

Two Types of the Intrinsic-Plus Hand

“…T h e effects o f u ln a r nerve block w ith d ilu te procaine so lu tio n [16] an d o f s te re o ta x ic d e stru c tio n o f the nucleus v e n tra lis la te ra lis o f th e th a la m u s or o f th e p allid u m in P a rkin so n 's disease and cereb ral p alsy [9,12,13,14,17], w hich abolishes th e h y p e rto n e o f m uscles clearly su p p o rt th is idea.…”