Problem detection

Klein, Gary; Pliske, Rebecca M.; Crandall, Beth; Woods, David D.

doi:10.1007/s10111-004-0166-y

Cited by 98 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Expectations reciprocally affect the frame based on the pilot's knowledge and experience. Coordination and maintaining a joint understanding, or common ground (Clark 1996;Klein et al 2004a, b), is done through communication in the cockpit (blue arrow), which also enables both loops to be a crew effort through comparing and elaborating frames. The central sensemaking processes (prospective and retrospective) are included in the model, and the sensemaking activities from the original D/F model and those found in the cases are mentioned on the right side of the figure and include: question, preserve, elaborate, compare, switch, abandon and rapid frame-switching.…”

Section: The Crew-aircraft Sensemaking Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cockpit, both pilots are responsible for detecting and acting on issues that come up, and training, procedures and checklist are generally designed to facilitate joint understanding, or common ground (Clark 1996;Klein et al 2004a, b). Team efforts are demonstrated in several cases where pilots share ideas to elaborate and compare frames (e.g.…”

Section: Team Sensemaking and Seeking A New Frame: Elaborate And Comparementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensemaking following surprise in the cockpit—a re-framing problem

2016

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Re-framing is the process by which a person ''fills the gap'' between what is expected and what has been observed, that is, to try and make sense of what is going on following a surprise. It is an active and adaptive process guided by expectations, which are based on knowledge and experience. In this article, surprise situations in cockpit operations are examined by investigating the re-framing process. The results show difficulties that pilots have in re-framing following surprise, including the identification of subtle cues and managing uncertainties regarding automated systems, coping with multiple goals, tasks and narrow time frames and identifying an appropriate action. A crew-aircraft sensemaking model is presented, outlining core concepts of re-framing processes and sensemaking activities. Based on the findings, three critical areas are identified that deserve further attention to improve pilot abilities to cope with unexpected events; (1) identification of what enables and obstructs re-framing, (2) training to build frames and develop re-framing strategies and (3) control strategies as part of the reframing process.

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Section: The Crew-aircraft Sensemaking Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Team Sensemaking and Seeking A New Frame: Elaborate And Comparementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensemaking following surprise in the cockpit—a re-framing problem

2016

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“…To perform this work, the producer must be a deft problem detector. Klein et al (2005) describe problem detection as a kind of "sensemaking". With the producer's expertise and experience comes a special sensitivity and "alertness" to "triggers and alarms" and "indicators" (Klein et al 2005, p. 21).…”

Section: The Record Producermentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturalistic artistic decision-making and metacognition in the music studio

Lefford

Thompson

2018

Cogn Tech Work

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Professional artistic contexts, such as studio-based music production, are rarely investigated in naturalistic decision-making (NDM) research, though creative work is characterised by uncertainty, risk, a lack of clearly definable goals, and in the case of music production, a complex socio-technical working environment that brings together a diverse group of specialized collaborators. This study investigates NDM in the music production studio. In music production, there is a professional role explicitly tasked with taking decisions-the (record) producer. The producer, as a creative collaborator, is differentiated as a problem-solver, solution creator and goal setter. This investigation looks at the producer's metacognitive abilities for reflecting on the nature of problems and decisions. An important challenge for this study is to develop methods for observing decision-making without unrealistically reducing the amount of uncertainty around outcomes or creative intention within a studio production. In the face of that, a method is proposed that combines socio-cultural musicology and cognitive approaches and uses ethnographic data. Preliminary findings shed light on how the producer in this study self-manages his decisions and his interactions with, and in response to, the production environment; how decisions and actions sustain collaboration; how experience is utilized to identify scenarios and choose actions; and the kinds of strategies employed and their expected outcomes. Findings provide evidence that exercising producing skills and performing production tasks involve metacognitive reflection.

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“…The D/F model has been successfully applied to represent the sensemaking process of developing situations in the intelligence analysis context (Moore & Hoffman, 2011), in which multiple themes or storylines were happening simultaneously, such as scenarios based on peacekeeping operations in Bosnia (Sieck et al, 2007), and navigational problems, for example, how do I go from A to B (Sieck et al, 2007). Also, it has been applied to understand operative sensemaking in a medical context (Stewart, Dominguez, & Lawrence, 2011), for studying problem detection (Klein, Pliske, Crandall, & Woods, 2005) and incident analysis . These studies have explored narrative tasks, and in some cases, real-time sensemaking (Wahlström, Karvonen, & Norros, 2013); however, very few studies have investigated how individuals make sense of structure tasks.…”

Section: Narrative and Structure Sensemakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding “influence”: An empirical test of theData‐FrameTheory ofSensemaking

Pontis

Blandford

2015

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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This paper reports findings from a study designed to gain broader understanding of sensemaking activities using the Data/Frame Theory as the analytical framework. Although this theory is one of the dominant models of sensemaking, it has not been extensively tested with a range of sensemaking tasks. The tasks discussed here focused on making sense of structures rather than processes or narratives. Eleven researchers were asked to construct understanding of how a scientific community in a particular domain is organized (e.g., people, relationships, contributions, factors) by exploring the concept of "influence" in academia. This topic was chosen because, although researchers frequently handle this type of task, it is unlikely that they have explicitly sought this type of information. We conducted a think-aloud study and semistructured interviews with junior and senior researchers from the humancomputer interaction (HCI) domain, asking them to identify current leaders and rising stars in both HCI and chemistry. Data were coded and analyzed using the Data/Frame Model to both test and extend the model. Three themes emerged from the analysis: novices and experts' sensemaking activity chains, constructing frames through indicators, and characteristics of structure tasks. We propose extensions to the Data/Frame Model to accommodate structure sensemaking.

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Problem detection

Cited by 98 publications

References 32 publications

Sensemaking following surprise in the cockpit—a re-framing problem

Sensemaking following surprise in the cockpit—a re-framing problem

Naturalistic artistic decision-making and metacognition in the music studio

Understanding “influence”: An empirical test of theData‐FrameTheory ofSensemaking

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