Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections

Zhao, Yunli; Dong, Bi Rong; Qin, Hao

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006895.pub4

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…During the T0-T5 period, 63 antibiotic courses (range: 1-5) were prescribed to 34 patients, the vast majority (61/63] to treat respiratory infections. Antibiotic use (T0-T5) 34 (47) Respiratory infections (T6-T12), patients (%) 31 (43) Abbreviations, CVID common variable immunode ciency, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IQR interquartile range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the immunological interactions in the gut-lung axis [44], treatment with immunobiotics might also gain attention considering their potential to confer protection against infections by modulating innate and adaptive antimicrobial immunity [45,46]. In this same line, as intestinal probiotics have been shown to reduce the number and duration of upper respiratory tract infections [47], their use has potential to contrast respiratory infections. As an alternative approach, the possibility of restoring microbial diversity, correcting dysbiosis, and limiting the abundance of pathobionts at the oro-pharyngeal level with the use of probiotics designed to target that speci c niche deserves evaluations and future investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age, chronic lung disease, and IgA levels influence the perturbation of respiratory microbial ecosystems in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Pulvirenti

Giuffre²,

Pentimalli³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The respiratory tract microbiome is essential for human health and well-being and is determined by genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) suffer from respiratory and intestinal tract infections, leading to chronic diseases and increasing mortality. Alterations in CVID gut microbiota have been extensively analysed, while data on the respiratory microbiome ecosystem are limited. Methods The microbiome of oropharyngeal samples from 72 CVID adult patients and 26 age-matched controls were collected in a 12-month prospective study. Samples were analysed by metagenomic bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and processed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline. Differentially abundant species have been identified and used to build a dysbiosis index. Microbiome alterations allowed the distinction between CVID and healthy status using a machine learning model trained on microbial abundance data. Results The oropharyngeal microbiome of CVID patients showed lower alpha- and beta-diversity, with a relatively increased abundance of the order Lactobacillales including the family Streptococcaceae. Undetectable serum IgA and COPD were associated with the higher abundance of the genera Haemophilus and Streptococcus, independently from recent antibiotic use. Patients with COPD featured a higher dysbiosis score. Conclusions Adult CVID patients showed an altered respiratory microbial ecosystem with enrichment with potentially pathogenic bacteria and decreased potentially protective species. Treatment aimed to replace mucosal IgA and possibly reduce upper respiratory infections by immunobiotics should gain attention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, chronic lung disease, and IgA levels influence the perturbation of respiratory microbial ecosystems in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Pulvirenti

Giuffre²,

Pentimalli³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The systematic review of Zhao in 2022 concluded that probiotics supplemented to infant formula have a positive effect on URTIs in infants [20]. Considering this, the possible effect of the prebiotic could have been underestimated in the studies where a probiotic was added to infant formula in both the intervention and the control groups, such as the RCTs of Storm et al and Bocquet et al [31,35].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking into account the positive effects of breastfeeding on the infection rates, there is an ongoing search to make infant formula closer to mother's milk. Several tracks are being explored, such as adding probiotics [20], supplementation with DHA/ARA/EPA (docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid) [21], and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review

Cool

Vandenplas

2023

Nutrients

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Breastfeeding plays a protective role against infections, partially through the prebiotic effect of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Aiming to mimic these beneficial capacities, there is an ongoing search to make infant formula closer to human milk, including by adding oligosaccharides. Over the past two decades, multiple studies have been published on different types of prebiotics and their role in reducing infection rates in infants. This review aims to answer the question of whether there is evidence that the addition of oligosaccharides to infant formula decreases the prevalence of infection, and whether the effect is influenced by the kind of oligosaccharide added. The review of the literature reveals an important heterogeneity, including different types and dosages of prebiotics, different intervention periods and inclusion criteria, etc., making it impossible to formulate a consensus about the efficacy of adding prebiotics to infant formula. We would cautiously suggest that supplementation with galactooligosaccharides (GOSs)/fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) seems to have a beneficial effect on infection rates. For HMOs, more studies about the different types of HMOs are necessary to make any deductions. GOSs alone, inulin, and MOSs (bovine-milk-derived oligosaccharides) do not reduce the incidence of infections. The combination of GOSs and PDX (polydextrose) was found to play a protective role in one study. The evidence of the effect of prebiotics in reducing the use of antibiotics is low. The many lacunas in the direction of study uniformity offer many opportunities for further research.

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“…Although we do not propose ignoring such guidelines, we do recognize that current guidance is necessarily incomplete until microbiome considerations are incorporated. Future strategies for mitigating microbiotoxic effects may include use of probiotics alongside antibiotic courses, with meta-analyses suggesting a role for probiotics in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea [46] and upper respiratory tract infections [47], although further evidence is needed before these can be widely recommended.…”

Section: Considering Microbiotoxicity When Prescribing Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiotoxicity: antibiotic usage and its unintended harm to the microbiome

Theodosiou

Jones

Read

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review Antibiotic use is associated with development of antimicrobial resistance and dysregulation of the microbiome (the overall host microbial community). These changes have in turn been associated with downstream adverse health outcomes. This review analyses recent important publications in a rapidly evolving field, contextualizing the available evidence to assist clinicians weighing the potential risks of antibiotics on a patient's microbiome. Recent finding Although the majority of microbiome research is observational, we highlight recent interventional studies probing the associations between antibiotic use, microbiome disruption, and ill-health. These studies include germ-free mouse models, antibiotic challenge in healthy human volunteers, and a phase III study of the world's first approved microbiome-based medicine. Summary The growing body of relevant clinical and experimental evidence for antibiotic-mediated microbiome perturbation is concerning, although further causal evidence is required. Within the limits of this evidence, we propose the novel term ‘microbiotoxicity’ to describe the unintended harms of antibiotics on a patient's microbiome. We suggest a framework for prescribers to weigh microbiotoxic effects against the intended benefits of antibiotic use.

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Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections

Cited by 32 publications

References 126 publications

Age, chronic lung disease, and IgA levels influence the perturbation of respiratory microbial ecosystems in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Age, chronic lung disease, and IgA levels influence the perturbation of respiratory microbial ecosystems in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review

Microbiotoxicity: antibiotic usage and its unintended harm to the microbiome

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