Probiotic Supplementation during the Perinatal and Infant Period: Effects on gut Dysbiosis and Disease

Navarro-Tapia, Elisabet; Sebastiani, Giorgia; Sailer, Sebastian; Almeida-Toledano, Laura; Serra-Delgado, Mariona; Garcı́a-Algar, Óscar; Andreu-Férnández, Vicente

doi:10.3390/nu12082243

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(369 reference statements)

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“…Transplacental transport enables maternal-to-foetal transmission of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as ω-3) [ 55 ] as well as antibodies carrying microbial components originating from both commensals and pathogens [ 6 ]. Moreover, breastmilk contains long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 55 ], and probiotics may translocate from the maternal to the infant gut via the breastmilk [ 56 ]. While supplemented probiotics generally do not permanently colonise neither the mother nor the infant gut during perinatal exposure, conflicting results have been reported on long-term effects on infant gut microbiota composition [ 57 – 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined prenatal Lactobacillus reuteri and ω-3 supplementation synergistically modulates DNA methylation in neonatal T helper cells

et al. 2021

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Background Environmental exposures may alter DNA methylation patterns of T helper cells. As T helper cells are instrumental for allergy development, changes in methylation patterns may constitute a mechanism of action for allergy preventive interventions. While epigenetic effects of separate perinatal probiotic or ω-3 fatty acid supplementation have been studied previously, the combined treatment has not been assessed. We aimed to investigate epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns from a sub-group of children in an on-going randomised double-blind placebo-controlled allergy prevention trial using pre- and postnatal combined Lactobacillus reuteri and ω-3 fatty acid treatment. To this end, > 866000 CpG sites (MethylationEPIC 850K array) in cord blood CD4+ T cells were examined in samples from all four study arms (double-treatment: n = 18, single treatments: probiotics n = 16, ω-3 n = 15, and double placebo: n = 14). Statistical and bioinformatic analyses identified treatment-associated differentially methylated CpGs and genes, which were used to identify putatively treatment-induced network modules. Pathway analyses inferred biological relevance, and comparisons were made to an independent allergy data set. Results Comparing the active treatments to the double placebo group, most differentially methylated CpGs and genes were hypermethylated, possibly suggesting induction of transcriptional inhibition. The double-treated group showed the largest number of differentially methylated CpGs, of which many were unique, suggesting synergy between interventions. Clusters within the double-treated network module consisted of immune-related pathways, including T cell receptor signalling, and antigen processing and presentation, with similar pathways revealed for the single-treatment modules. CpGs derived from differential methylation and network module analyses were enriched in an independent allergy data set, particularly in the double-treatment group, proposing treatment-induced DNA methylation changes as relevant for allergy development. Conclusion Prenatal L. reuteri and/or ω-3 fatty acid treatment results in hypermethylation and affects immune- and allergy-related pathways in neonatal T helper cells, with potentially synergistic effects between the interventions and relevance for allergic disease. Further studies need to address these findings on a transcriptional level, and whether the results associate to allergy development in the children. Understanding the role of DNA methylation in regulating effects of perinatal probiotic and ω-3 interventions may provide essential knowledge in the development of efficacious allergy preventive strategies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov-ID: NCT01542970. Registered 27th of February 2012—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01542970.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined prenatal Lactobacillus reuteri and ω-3 supplementation synergistically modulates DNA methylation in neonatal T helper cells

et al. 2021

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“…Many species of bacteria have been identified in neonatal meconium, placenta, and amniotic fluid. The composition of the fetal microbiota may be influenced by maternal factors such as maternal conditions, eating habits, and body weight [ 21 ]. Prenatal stress has also been shown to influence the differentiation of the child’s microbiome [ 22 ].…”

Section: Probiotic Microflora Of Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus Bacteria in Breast Milk

Łubiech

Twarużek

2020

Nutrients

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Breast milk is an optimal food for infants and toddlers. The composition of breast milk adapts to the needs of the developing organism, satisfying nutritional needs at an early stage of growth and development. The results of research to date have shown that breast milk is the best food for a child, containing not only nutrients but also biologically active substances that aid in the optimal, proper growth and development of infants. Among the many components of breast milk, an important element is the probiotic microflora, including bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus spp. These organisms exert a multidirectional, health-promoting effect on the body of children who consume breast milk. The number of lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus, colonizing the breast milk environment and their species diversity varies and depends on many factors, both maternal and environmental. Breast milk, as a recommended food for infants, is an important source of probiotic microflora. The aim of this study was to present the current understanding of probiotic bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus present in breast milk.

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“…There have been more numerous attempts to capture changes in infant gastrointestinal microbiota following probiotic administration (e.g. bifidobacteria and/or lactobacilli) to neonates and/or their mothers 54 . Finally, Dominguez-Bello et al 55 reported on anal, oral, and skin microbiota in Caesarean-born neonates following interventional exposure to maternal vaginal fluids.…”

Section: Manipulating the Infant Pharyngeal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The infant pharyngeal microbiomes: origin, impact and manipulation

Theodosiou

Dorey

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et al. 2020

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review: There has been an exponential increase in research into infant microbiome evolution, and it appears that pharyngeal microbiota are associated with clinical phenotypes (e.g. infection and asthma). While broad consensus views are emerging, significant challenges and uncertainties remain. Recent findings: Infant pharyngeal microbiome research is limited by low biomass, high temporal diversity, and lack of agreed standards for sampling, DNA sequencing, and taxonomic reporting. Analysis of amplicon sequence variants and improved cost and availability of whole genome sequencing are promising options for improving taxonomic resolution of such studies. Infant respiratory microbiomes arise, at least in part, from maternal flora (e.g. the respiratory tract and breastmilk), and are associated with environmental and clinical factors (e.g. mode of feeding and delivery, siblings, daycare attendance, birth season, and antibiotic usage). Interventional research to modify the infant pharyngeal microbiota has recently been reported, using dietary supplements. Summary: Further work is needed to improve characterisation of the infant pharyngeal microbiomes, including routes of bacterial acquisition, role of environmental factors, and associations with disease phenotypes. Methodological standards are desirable to facilitate more reproducible, comparable research. Improved understanding may enable manipulation of infant pharyngeal microbiota to improve clinical outcomes.

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Probiotic Supplementation during the Perinatal and Infant Period: Effects on gut Dysbiosis and Disease

Cited by 52 publications

References 213 publications

Combined prenatal Lactobacillus reuteri and ω-3 supplementation synergistically modulates DNA methylation in neonatal T helper cells

Combined prenatal Lactobacillus reuteri and ω-3 supplementation synergistically modulates DNA methylation in neonatal T helper cells

Lactobacillus Bacteria in Breast Milk

The infant pharyngeal microbiomes: origin, impact and manipulation

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