Probing emotion in the developing brain: Functional neuroimaging in the assessment of the neural substrates of emotion in normal and disordered children and adolescents

The amygdala and autism: implications from non‐human primate studies

“…They proposed that developmental malformation of the amygdala might underlie the social‐cognitive impairments characteristic of autism. While these data would appear to be compelling evidence for the notion that the amygdala is involved in the interpretation of socially relevant stimuli, a number of methodological concerns have been raised (Davidson & Slagter 2000). For example, given that subjects with autism are reluctant to make eye contact, it is not clear that they are examining face stimuli or other socially relevant stimuli in the same manner as normal controls.…”

The amygdala and autism: implications from non‐human primate studies

“…They proposed that developmental malformation of the amygdala might underlie the social‐cognitive impairments characteristic of autism. While these data would appear to be compelling evidence for the notion that the amygdala is involved in the interpretation of socially relevant stimuli, a number of methodological concerns have been raised (Davidson & Slagter 2000). For example, given that subjects with autism are reluctant to make eye contact, it is not clear that they are examining face stimuli or other socially relevant stimuli in the same manner as normal controls.…”

The neurobiology of social anxiety disorder: the relevance of fear and anxiety

“…a child growing up in an environment in which he or she needs to be wary of mistakes, as they may be what incurs criticism or rejection. Neuroimaging has also identified limbic system activation in affect recognition, as the amygdala has been shown to be activated while the adolescent identifies facial expression and even more so when the individual identifies fearful faces (104). Greater amygdala activation to fearful faces than to angry faces has been shown (105).…”

Structural and diffusion‐weighted brain imaging predictors of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its symptomology in very young (4‐ to 7‐year‐old) children

“…Thus, when considering the predictive utility of neurobiological markers for ADHD, it appears important and necessary to conjointly consider the underlying neural mechanisms that support EF and ER. The neurobiology of ER processes constitutes functional interactions of the medial and dorsal prefrontal cortical structures, anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex with amygdala (Albaugh et al, 2013; Beauregard et al, 2001; Davidson & Slagter, 2000; Lane & McRae, 2004). The major fiber pathways supporting connectivity among these regions are the uncinate fasciculus (UF) (connecting amygdala with lateral and orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, e.g., Pacheco et al, 2009) and the cingulum (connecting amygdala with medial frontal and cingulate; e.g., see Jones, Christiansen, et al, 2013).…”

The amygdala and autism: implications from non‐human primate studies

“…They proposed that developmental malformation of the amygdala might underlie the social‐cognitive impairments characteristic of autism. While these data would appear to be compelling evidence for the notion that the amygdala is involved in the interpretation of socially relevant stimuli, a number of methodological concerns have been raised (Davidson & Slagter 2000). For example, given that subjects with autism are reluctant to make eye contact, it is not clear that they are examining face stimuli or other socially relevant stimuli in the same manner as normal controls.…”

The neurobiology of social anxiety disorder: the relevance of fear and anxiety

“…a child growing up in an environment in which he or she needs to be wary of mistakes, as they may be what incurs criticism or rejection. Neuroimaging has also identified limbic system activation in affect recognition, as the amygdala has been shown to be activated while the adolescent identifies facial expression and even more so when the individual identifies fearful faces (104). Greater amygdala activation to fearful faces than to angry faces has been shown (105).…”

Structural and diffusion‐weighted brain imaging predictors of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its symptomology in very young (4‐ to 7‐year‐old) children

“…Thus, when considering the predictive utility of neurobiological markers for ADHD, it appears important and necessary to conjointly consider the underlying neural mechanisms that support EF and ER. The neurobiology of ER processes constitutes functional interactions of the medial and dorsal prefrontal cortical structures, anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex with amygdala (Albaugh et al, 2013; Beauregard et al, 2001; Davidson & Slagter, 2000; Lane & McRae, 2004). The major fiber pathways supporting connectivity among these regions are the uncinate fasciculus (UF) (connecting amygdala with lateral and orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, e.g., Pacheco et al, 2009) and the cingulum (connecting amygdala with medial frontal and cingulate; e.g., see Jones, Christiansen, et al, 2013).…”

The amygdala and autism: implications from non‐human primate studies

“…They proposed that developmental malformation of the amygdala might underlie the social‐cognitive impairments characteristic of autism. While these data would appear to be compelling evidence for the notion that the amygdala is involved in the interpretation of socially relevant stimuli, a number of methodological concerns have been raised (Davidson & Slagter 2000). For example, given that subjects with autism are reluctant to make eye contact, it is not clear that they are examining face stimuli or other socially relevant stimuli in the same manner as normal controls.…”

The neurobiology of social anxiety disorder: the relevance of fear and anxiety

“…a child growing up in an environment in which he or she needs to be wary of mistakes, as they may be what incurs criticism or rejection. Neuroimaging has also identified limbic system activation in affect recognition, as the amygdala has been shown to be activated while the adolescent identifies facial expression and even more so when the individual identifies fearful faces (104). Greater amygdala activation to fearful faces than to angry faces has been shown (105).…”

Structural and diffusion‐weighted brain imaging predictors of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its symptomology in very young (4‐ to 7‐year‐old) children

“…Thus, when considering the predictive utility of neurobiological markers for ADHD, it appears important and necessary to conjointly consider the underlying neural mechanisms that support EF and ER. The neurobiology of ER processes constitutes functional interactions of the medial and dorsal prefrontal cortical structures, anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex with amygdala (Albaugh et al, 2013; Beauregard et al, 2001; Davidson & Slagter, 2000; Lane & McRae, 2004). The major fiber pathways supporting connectivity among these regions are the uncinate fasciculus (UF) (connecting amygdala with lateral and orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, e.g., Pacheco et al, 2009) and the cingulum (connecting amygdala with medial frontal and cingulate; e.g., see Jones, Christiansen, et al, 2013).…”