Pro‐osteoclastic in vitro effect of Polyethylene‐like nanoparticles: Involvement in the pathogenesis of implant aseptic loosening

Abstract

Polyethylene micro‐sized wear particles released from orthopedic implants promote inflammation and osteolysis; however, less is known about the bioactivity of polyethylene nanosized wear particles released from the last generation of polymer‐bearing surfaces. We aim to assess the internalization of fluorescent polyethylene‐like nanoparticles by both human macrophages and osteoclasts and also, to determine their effects in osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Human macrophages and osteoclasts were incubated with several ratios of fluorescent polyethylene‐like nanoparticles between 1 and 72 h, and 4 h, 2, 4, 6, and 9 days, respectively. The internalization of nanoparticles was quantified by flow cytometry and followed by both confocal and video time‐lapse microscopy. Osteoclast differentiation and activity was semiquantified by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP mRNA relative expression, and pit resorption assay, respectively. Macrophages, osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts internalized nanoparticles in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and maintained their resorptive activity. In addition, nanoparticles significantly increased the osteoclastogenesis as shown by upregulation of the TRAP expressing cell number. We conclude that polyethylene‐like nanosized wear particles promote osteoclast differentiation without alteration of bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts and they could be considered as important actors in periprosthetic osteolysis of the last new generation of polymer‐bearing surfaces. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2649–2657, 2016.

Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Management of Osteolysis Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty

“…These cytokines directly recruit and activate osteoclasts to resorb adjacent bone. 13,83 Dean et al 24 found that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production decreased while prostaglandin (PGE)-2 production increased when osteoblast-like cells were exposed to conventional ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles in vitro. This pro-inflammatory environment led to increased rates of osteolysis with a corresponding decrease in osteoblastic activity and extracellular matrix production.…”

<p>Tobacco Mosaic Viral Nanoparticle Inhibited Osteoclastogenesis Through Inhibiting mTOR/AKT Signaling</p>

“…This study aimed to explore whether TMV viral nanoparticles could impact osteoclast differentiation as different nanoparticles were shown to modulate osteoclastogenesis. 11,12,[21][22][23][24][25] Gold nanoparticle (GNP) was one of the well-studied inorganic nanoparticles on osteoclastogenesis. [21][22][23] β-cyclodextrin (CD) conjugated GNPs carrying curcumin and alendronate functionalized GNPs inhibited RANKL-induced mouse bone marrowderived macrophages differentiation into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclastogenic genes c-Fos, Nfatc1, Trap, and Oscar in vitro and improved bone density of ovariectomized mice.…”

“…24 Polyethylene-like nanoparticles were readily internalized by human macrophages and osteoclasts and promoted osteoclastogenesis. 11 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles promoted inflammatory responses and osteoclastogenesis of Raw264.7 cells with elevated expression of osteoclast markers MMP-9, Calcr, and Ctsk. 25 These data showed that a variety of nanoparticles could change the course of osteoclast differentiation, which inspired the current study to investigate the impact of TMV VNPs on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and on bone injury healing in vivo.…”

“…Whereas osteoblasts and osteocytes participate in the new bone formation and mineralization bone organic matrix, 9,10 Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption to remove old bone matrix. 10 Polyethylene-like nanoparticles and milk-derived nanoparticles could promote the formation of osteoclasts 11,12 while TMV-based nanoparticles were shown to be osteogenic. 7,8 This study aims to investigate whether and how TMV-base nanoparticles impact the differentiation of osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo.…”

High Concentrations of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Decrease Activity of Osteoclasts

“…However, in an in vitro pilot test, we harvested osteoclasts daily over a period of 12 days ( n = 1) and found that, at day 12, a high amount of hydroxyapatite was already degraded. We hypothesized that osteoclast activity might increase after addition of PLL/CS PEC-NPs and BDNF as shown by Brulefert et al for polyethylene nanoparticles [39]. Thus, changes between the groups might have not been measureable since in controls a high amount of the hydroxyapatite had been resorbed already.…”