Prions

Viroids, Satellite RNAs and Prions: Folding of Nucleic Acids and Misfolding of Proteins

“…In Germany, Figure 1. Timeline of research development of viroids (green text) [4,, satellite RNAs (orange text) [11,12,[45][46][47][48][49], prions (red text) [7,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63], and a few general hallmarks (black text) [64].…”

“…Using some viroid research approaches, Riesner and colleagues applied the quantitative methods of nucleic acid analysis-even counting single molecules-and showed in systematic and extended studies that highly infectious samples from hamster brains contained more infectious units than nucleic acid molecules longer than 25 nucleotides [57,58]. We will not outline the whole research development on prions here; Prusiner was awarded the Nobel Prize "for his discovery of Prions-a new biological principle of infection" [56] in 1997, and the final molecular proof was found in 2004 when a synthetic prion-i. e., a synthetic protein that never has seen an animal-was created [55,90].…”

“…Figure 1 shows a timeline of discoveries focused on this article's topics. [11,12,[45][46][47][48][49], prions (red text) [7,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63], and a few general hallmarks (black text) [64].…”