Printing Peptide Arrays with a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Chip

Abstract

: In this chapter, we discuss the state-of-the-art peptide array technologies, comparing the spot technique, lithographical methods, and microelectronic chip-based approaches. Based on this analysis, we describe a novel peptide array synthesis method with a microelectronic chip printer. By means of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip, charged bioparticles can be patterned on its surface. The bioparticles serve as vehicles to transfer molecule monomers to specific synthesis spots. Our chip offers 16,384 pixel electrodes on its surface with a spot-to-spot pitch of 100 μm. By switching the voltage of each pixel between 0 and 100 V separately, it is possible to generate arbitrary particle patterns for combinatorial molecule synthesis. Afterwards, the patterned chip surface serves as a printing head to transfer the particle pattern from its surface to a synthesis substrate. We conducted a series of proof-of-principle experiments to synthesize high-density peptide arrays. Our solid phase synthesis approach is based on the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protection group strategy. After melting the particles, embedded monomers diffuse to the surface and participate in the coupling reaction to the surface. The method demonstrated herein can be easily extended to the synthesis of more complicated artificial molecules by using bioparticles with artificial molecular building blocks. The possibility of synthesizing artificial peptides was also shown in an experiment in which we patterned biotin particles in a high-density array format. These results open the road to the development of peptide-based functional modules for diverse applications in biotechnology.

Diphenylalanine-Based Microribbons for Piezoelectric Applications via Inkjet Printing

“…17 and simple devices, but they are rather limited in the precise monitoring of the growth process. Although high-density peptide arrays manufactured with an inkjet printer have been patented as early as 1994, 18 no significant progress has been reported since then. Slow advancement in this area might be because of the problems with solvents required for the peptide synthesis.…”

Peptide Arrays: Development and Application

“…There are further variations on these themes that continue to be reported. For example, in 2013, Nestrov-Mueller and co-workers introduced a microelectronic metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip printer that can synthesize 16 384 unique peptides onto a glass slide with a spot density of 10 000 spots/cm 2 . In 2016, this group introduced a combinatorial laser-induced forward transfer (cLIFT) method for peptide synthesis that can be used to prepare arrays with 17 000 spots/cm 2 …”

Enhancing the Microparticle Deposition Stability and Homogeneity on Planer for Synthesis of Self-Assembly Monolayer

“…For the particle size, 50% of the particles were smaller than 6.016 μm and 90% of particles were smaller than 8.309 μm [ 32 ]. Xeros Black particles were used in the study because the particle size is similar to the expensive bioparticles [ 33 ]. The result of this study will be applied to create homogeneity in bioparticle [ 11 ] deposition in the future.…”