Printing colour at the optical diffraction limit

Kumar, Karthik; Duan, Huigao; Hegde, Ravi S.; Koh, Samuel C. W.; Wei, Jennifer N.; Yang, Joel K. W.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.128

Cited by 847 publications

(638 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This feature enables high-density information encoding using nanostructures that resonate at different wavelengths, as seen in colour prints with resolutions at the diffraction limit of light 7,8 . By extending this spectral tunability to asymmetric nanostructures, resonances can be tailored to depend on the polarization of incident illumination, for example, linear [9][10][11][12][13] and circular polarizations 14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional plasmonic stereoscopic prints in full colour

et al. 2014

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Metal nanostructures can be designed to scatter different colours depending on the polarization of the incident light. Such spectral control is attractive for applications such as high-density optical storage, but challenges remain in creating microprints with a single-layer architecture that simultaneously enables full-spectral and polarization control of the scattered light. Here we demonstrate independently tunable biaxial colour pixels composed of isolated nanoellipses or nanosquare dimers that can exhibit a full range of colours in reflection mode with linear polarization dependence. Effective polarization-sensitive full-colour prints are realized. With this, we encoded two colour images within the same area and further use this to achieve depth perception by realizing three-dimensional stereoscopic colour microprint. Coupled with the low cost and durability of aluminium as the functional material in our pixel design, such polarization-sensitive encoding can realize a wide spectrum of applications in colour displays, data storage and anti-counterfeiting technologies.

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Three-dimensional plasmonic stereoscopic prints in full colour

et al. 2014

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“…Nanophotonic devices featuring a spatially-graded, rather than homogeneous, plasmonic response extend such a colour-tailoring concept in a simple, yet extremely appealing, manner. These so-called colour-graded plasmonic systems, based on various physical effects and realized by exploiting a number of nanoarchitectures, have indeed recently found exciting new applications in holography, spectral imaging and colour sorting, and are becoming an increasingly widespread tool in photonics [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Color-Graded Nanosystems with Achromatic Subwavelength Architectures for Light Filtering and Advanced SERS Detection

Zaccaria

Bisio

Das

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Plasmonic colour-graded systems are devices featuring a spatially variable plasmonic response over their surface. They are widely used as nanoscale colour filters; their typical size is small enough to allow integration with miniaturized electronic circuits paving the way to realize novel nanophotonic devices. Currently, most plasmonic colour-graded systems are intrinsically discrete, as their chromatic response exploits the tailored plasmon resonance of micro-architectures characterized by different size and/or geometry for each target colour.Here we report the realization of multifunctional plasmon-graded devices where continuouslygraded chromatic response is achieved by smoothly tuning the composition of the resonator material while simultaneously maintaining an achromatic nanoscale geometry. The result is a new class of versatile materials: we show their application as plasmonic filters with a potential pixel size smaller than half of the exciting wavelength, but also as multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. Many more implementations, like photovoltaic efficiency boosters or colour routers await, and will benefit from the low fabrication cost and intrinsic plasmonic flexibility of the presented systems.

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“…[2][3][4] Previously, semiconducting quantum dots with their quantum confinement-based luminescence were initially incorporated into existing display technology, 5,6 but currently a variety of novel plasmon-based coloration schemes are in rapid development. To date, gold, 7 silver, [8][9][10] and aluminum [11][12][13][14][15][16] nanostructures have shown significant potential in coloration-based applications. In particular, aluminum in nanostructured form has received much recent attention for several reasons: its plasmon resonance is tunable across the entire visible wavelength range, it is an inherently low-cost, sustainable material, and it is compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing techniques.…”

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“…7,17,28 The shape of the constituent nanostructures, as well as their patterned arrangement (or lack thereof), can both be used to modify and improve pixel coloration properties. 7,8,12,29 Examples include incorporation of Fabry-Perot resonances either within individual annular rings in an array 21 or between layers of silver metal with no structural patterning at all. 20 The crystallinity of the aluminum nanostructure itself can also have a drastic effect on its color.…”

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High Chromaticity Aluminum Plasmonic Pixels for Active Liquid Crystal Displays

Olson¹,

Manjavacas

Basu³

et al. 2015

ACS Nano

160

179

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Chromatic devices such as flat panel displays could, in principle, be substantially improved by incorporating aluminum plasmonic nanostructures instead of conventional chromophores that are susceptible to photobleaching. In nanostructure form, aluminum is capable of producing colors that span the visible region of the spectrum while contributing exceptional robustness, low cost, and streamlined manufacturability compatible with semiconductor manufacturing technology. However, individual aluminum nanostructures alone lack the vivid chromaticity of currently available chromophores because of the strong damping of the aluminum plasmon resonance in the visible region of the spectrum. In recent work, we showed that pixels formed by periodic arrays of Al nanostructures yield far more vivid coloration than the individual nanostructures. This progress was achieved by exploiting far-field diffractive coupling, which significantly suppresses the scattering response on the long-wavelength side of plasmonic pixel resonances. In the present work, we show that by utilizing another collective coupling effect, Fano interference, it is possible to substantially narrow the short-wavelength side of the pixel spectral response. Together, these two complementary effects provide unprecedented control of plasmonic pixel spectral line shape, resulting in aluminum pixels with far more vivid, monochromatic coloration across the entire RGB color gamut than previously attainable. We further demonstrate that pixels designed in this manner can be used directly as switchable elements in liquid crystal displays and determine the minimum and optimal numbers of nanorods required in an array to achieve good color quality and intensity.

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Printing colour at the optical diffraction limit

Cited by 847 publications

References 30 publications

Three-dimensional plasmonic stereoscopic prints in full colour

Three-dimensional plasmonic stereoscopic prints in full colour

Plasmonic Color-Graded Nanosystems with Achromatic Subwavelength Architectures for Light Filtering and Advanced SERS Detection

High Chromaticity Aluminum Plasmonic Pixels for Active Liquid Crystal Displays

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