Principles of Antimicrobial Drug Bioavailability and Disposition

Baggot, J. D.; Giguère, Steeve

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch4

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Therapeutic treatment by injection will achieve more predictable plasma drug levels, enhancing opportunities for disease control (Baggot 2007; Lees et al 2006). In cases where individual treatment is difficult, such as with large poultry operations, improving husbandry and hygiene at production facilities are preferred over the administration of oral therapeutic antimicrobial with veterinary supervision, and all are preferable to FCMF without veterinary supervision.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Imprecision and Resistance: Free-Choice Medicated Feeds in Industrial Food Animal Production in the United States

Love

Davis

Bassett

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundIndustrial food animal production employs many of the same antibiotics or classes of antibiotics that are used in human medicine. These drugs can be administered to food animals in the form of free-choice medicated feeds (FCMF), where animals choose how much feed to consume. Routine administration of these drugs to livestock selects for microorganisms that are resistant to medications critical to the treatment of clinical infections in humans.ObjectivesIn this commentary, we discuss the history of medicated feeds, the nature of FCMF use with regard to dose delivery, and U.S. policies that address antimicrobial drug use in food animals.DiscussionFCMF makes delivering a predictable, accurate, and intended dose difficult. Overdosing can lead to animal toxicity; underdosing or inconsistent dosing can result in a failure to resolve animal diseases and in the development of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms.ConclusionsThe delivery of antibiotics to food animals for reasons other than the treatment of clinically diagnosed disease, especially via free-choice feeding methods, should be reconsidered.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Imprecision and Resistance: Free-Choice Medicated Feeds in Industrial Food Animal Production in the United States

Love

Davis

Bassett

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The concentration attained at the desired target tissue depends on the delivery process of the drug to the tissues and the ability of the drug to penetrate capillary endothelium and diffuse across cell membranes [25], where factors such as lipophilicity and the binding of the drug to plasma proteins and other tissue components play a critical role [26]. Therefore, the tissue distribution process varies widely for different drug molecules and has to be studied in each case [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and Ocular Prednisolone Disposition after Oral Treatment in Cats

Solé

Schaiquevich

Marcelo

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To evaluate the plasma and aqueous humor disposition of prednisolone after oral administration in cats. Methods. Six cats were administered with a single oral dose of prednisolone (10 mg). Blood and aqueous humor samples were serially collected after drug administration. Prednisolone concentrations in plasma and aqueous humor were measured at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 h after administration by a high-performance liquid chromatographic analytical method developed and validated for this purpose. Results. Mean ± standard error (SE) of maximum plasma prednisolone concentration (300.8 ± 67.3 ng/mL) was reached at 1 h after administration. Prednisolone was distributed to the aqueous humor reaching a mean peak concentration of 100.9 ± 25.5 ng/mL at 1.25 h after administration. The mean ± SE systemic and aqueous humor exposure (AUC) was 553.3 ± 120.0 ng∗h/mL and 378.8 ± 64.9 ng∗h/mL, respectively. A high AUCaqueous humor/AUCplasma ratio was observed (0.68 ± 0.13). The mean half-life time of elimination in plasma and aqueous humor was 0.87 ± 0.16 h and 2.25 ± 0.44 h, respectively. Clinical Significance. The observed high ratio between aqueous humor and plasma prednisolone concentrations indicates that extensive penetration of prednisolone to the anterior segment of the eye may occur. This is the first step that contributes to the optimization of the pharmacological therapeutics for the clinical treatment of uveitis.

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“…Multiple consecutive administrations could result in different pharmacokinetics and/or nephrotoxicity due to drug accumulation. Although there are available data on the pharmacokinetics of aminosidine in clinically normal dogs (Belloli et al, 1999), it is well known that disease states, like CanL, may alter the absorption and disposition of drugs and thus, profoundly affect clinical efficacy and/or toxicity (Baggot, 2006). Furthermore, the combination of aminosidine and antimony administered in this study (Belloli et al, 1999) may have resulted in a different pharmacokinetic profile compared to the administration of aminosidine alone due to possible drug interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Initial clinical trials, have shown that aminosidine, usually administered twice daily, is effective for the treatment of CanL (Baggot, 2006;Belloli et al, 1999;Martinez, 1998;Oliva et al, 1998;Poli et al, 1997;Vexenat et al, 1998) but at the same time toxic for the host. Later on, advances in understanding the mechanisms of aminoglycoside mode of action and toxicity contributed to the modification of their dose schedules in order to increase efficacy and prevent toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%