Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology

Singh, Mastan; Kinhikar, Rajesh; Agarwal, Jai Prakash; Laskar, Sarbani Ghosh

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5860-1_8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is a technique where sources are placed in body cavities [31]. It has been widely used in the treatment of gynecological malignancies [32]. The technique employs specific applicators inserted in the uterus and vagina to deliver high-dose radiotherapy [33] by creating a volumetric dose distribution around the tumor.…”

Section: Intracavitary Brachytherapy (Icbt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy in cervical cancer

Srivastava,

Singh Moirangthem,

Ghosh

et al. 2023

Cervical Cancer - Recent Advances and New Perspectives

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Radiotherapy plays a significant role in the management of cervix cancer. In recent decades, there have been several advancements in radiation therapy treatment techniques. Moving from conventional two-dimensional techniques to advanced techniques like 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated radiation therapy (VMAT) has led to improvement in the treatment outcomes. The aim of radiation therapy is achieved by these advanced techniques, which deliver optimal tumoricidal doses to tumor volumes and minimal doses to the normal tissues around the tumor and can reduce toxicity more effectively than the conventional techniques. These external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) techniques along with brachytherapy play a significant role in the treatment of gynaecological cancer. Compared to point-based dose brachytherapy planning, better local control and lower toxicity have been associated with advanced image-based brachytherapy.

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Section: Intracavitary Brachytherapy (Icbt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy in cervical cancer

Srivastava,

Singh Moirangthem,

Ghosh

et al. 2023

Cervical Cancer - Recent Advances and New Perspectives

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“…Global cancer statistics show that the incidence and mortality rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Southeast and East Asia are at high levels, posing a severe threat to patients’ safety and life quality. Radiotherapy proved to be an important and effective treatment for NPC ( 1 , 2 ). During radiation therapy for NPC, the temporal lobe is inevitably irradiated during irradiation due to its anatomical location and structure, thus causing different degrees of side effects ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of FGD-BCEL loss function in segmenting temporal lobes on localized CT images for radiotherapy

Wen,

Liang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to find a new loss function to automatically segment temporal lobes on localized CT images for radiotherapy with more accuracy and a solution to dealing with the classification of class-imbalanced samples in temporal lobe segmentation.MethodsLocalized CT images for radiotherapy of 70 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected. Radiation oncologists sketched mask maps. The dataset was randomly divided into the training set (n = 49), the validation set (n = 7), and the test set (n = 14). The training set was expanded by rotation, flipping, zooming, and shearing, and the models were evaluated using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SE), and Hausdorff distance (HD). This study presented an improved loss function, focal generalized Dice-binary cross-entropy loss (FGD-BCEL), and compared it with four other loss functions, Dice loss (DL), generalized Dice loss (GDL), Tversky loss (TL), and focal Tversky loss (FTL), using the U-Net model framework.ResultsWith the U-Net model based on FGD-BCEL, the DSC, JSC, PPV, SE, and HD were 0.87 ± 0.11, 0.78 ± 0.11, 0.90 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.13, and 4.11 ± 0.75, respectively. Except for the SE, all the other evaluation metric values of the temporal lobes segmented by the FGD-BCEL-based U-Net model were improved compared to the DL, GDL, TL, and FTL loss function-based U-Net models. Moreover, the FGD-BCEL-based U-Net model was morphologically more similar to the mask maps. The over- and under-segmentation was lessened, and it effectively segmented the tiny structures in the upper and lower poles of the temporal lobe with a limited number of samples.ConclusionsFor the segmentation of the temporal lobe on localized CT images for radiotherapy, the U-Net model based on the FGD-BCEL can meet the basic clinical requirements and effectively reduce the over- and under-segmentation compared with the U-Net models based on the other four loss functions. However, there still exists some over- and under-segmentation in the results, and further improvement is needed.

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Efficacy and safety analysis of hypofractionated and conventional fractionated radiotherapy in postoperative breast cancer patients

Lu,

Hui,

Yang

et al. 2024

BMC Cancer

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Objectives In this meta-analysis, we conducted a comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated and conventional fractionated radiotherapy in individuals who had undergone surgery for breast cancer. Methods This study involved a systematic and independent review of relevant research articles published in reputable databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Two investigators conducted the review, which included studies published up to January 3, 2023. The quality of the eligible studies was evaluated and data were extracted using Review Manager software 5.4 (RevMan 5.4) to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The analysis comprised 35 studies and encompassed a collective sample of 18,246 individuals diagnosed with breast cancer. We did not find a statistically significant disparity in efficacy between conventional fractionated (CF) radiotherapy and hypofractionated (HF) radiotherapy regarding local recurrence (LR; OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.76–1.09, P = 0.30), disease-free survival (DFS; OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01–1.42, P = 0.03), and overall survival (OS; OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.93–1.26, P = 0.28). Concerning safety, there was no significant difference between the HF and CF regimens in terms of breast pain, breast atrophy, lymphedema, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, telangiectasia, and cardiotoxicity. However, the HF regimen resulted in lower skin toxicity (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33—0.55, P < 0.01) and improved patient fatigue outcomes (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60 – 0.88, P < 0.01). Conclusions Although there is no substantial difference in LR, DFS, OS, or many other side effects between the HF and CF regimens, the HF regimen reduces skin toxicity and relieves patient fatigue. If these two issues need to be addressed in clinical situations, the HF regimen may be a superior alternative to conventional radiotherapy in postoperative breast cancer patients.

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Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Radiotherapy in cervical cancer

Radiotherapy in cervical cancer

Application of FGD-BCEL loss function in segmenting temporal lobes on localized CT images for radiotherapy

Efficacy and safety analysis of hypofractionated and conventional fractionated radiotherapy in postoperative breast cancer patients

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