Principles and applications of flow injection analysis in biosensors

Abstract

In practical applications biosensors are often forced to operate under less than optimal conditions. Because of their construction, and the physical processes and chemical reactions involved in their operation, compromise conditions are frequently required to synchronize all events taking place. Therefore, and in order to implement functions such as periodic calibration, conditioning and possible regeneration of the biosensor, and, very importantly, to yield the freedom to select the optimum detection means, it is advantageous to use these devices in a flow-through mode, particularly by employing the flow injection (FI) approach. The capacity of FI, as offering itself as a complementary facility to augment the performance of biosensors, and in many cases as an attractive alternative, is demonstrated by reference to selected examples, comprising assays based on enzymatic procedures with optical and thermal detection procedures, and via description of a recently introduced technique for immunoassays, termed flow injection renewable surface immunoassays, which promises to entail powerful potentials and to yield compatible or better economy of operation than existing approaches.

Photoelectrochemical glucose biosensor in flow injection analysis system based on glucose dehydrogenase immobilized on poly-hematoxylin modified glassy carbon electrode

“…In this study, constructing a photoelectrochemical glucose biosensor in the FIA system was proposed. Although a photoelectrochemical biosensor dependent on NAD + /NADH redox couple-dehydrogenase enzymes 23,24 has already been reported, according to our search of the literature, a photoelectrochemical biosensor in the FIA system has not. When the electrochemical biosensor was used, the anodic current increased linearly with the glucose concentration over the range 1.0 Â 10 À5 to 1.0 Â 10 À3 M with a sensitivity of 0.76 mA mM À1 and detection limit of 3.0 mM.…”

Determination of Ticlopidine in Pharmaceutical Tablets by Flow Injection Analysis Using UV-Detection

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Combining a hydrogel and an electrochemical biosensor to determine the extent of degradation of paper artworks

“…FIA coupled with biosensor amperometric detection was used to measure the H 2 O 2 , produced by the immobilized GOx, (more details are given in Refs. [19][20][21]). With this system (flow rate 350 μL min −1 , detection limit 8×10 −4 mol L −1 , correlation coefficient 0.995, sensitivity 30 nA mmol −1 L cm −2 , repeatability, as RSD, 4% (n03, 5×10 −3 mol L −1 ), it has been possible to measure the amount of the glucose produced by the fungal attack with satisfactory sensitivity and to estimate the paper quality (composition, amount of lignin and additives) [16,22].…”