Primary Oblique Muscle Overaction

Spontaneous Recovery of Inferior Oblique Overaction in Three Saudi Children: A Case Report

“…In another study, elevated numbers of neuromuscular junctions relative to the whole muscle area were noted in muscles with IOOA [10]. It is postulated that primary oblique muscle overaction could be due to early-onset strabismus or structural lesions within the posterior fossa affecting central vestibular tone [11]. It seems that the connective tissue matrix is more abnormal in eyes with IOOA than in normal muscles or muscles after surgery.…”

Spontaneous Recovery of Inferior Oblique Overaction in Three Saudi Children: A Case Report

“…In another study, elevated numbers of neuromuscular junctions relative to the whole muscle area were noted in muscles with IOOA [10]. It is postulated that primary oblique muscle overaction could be due to early-onset strabismus or structural lesions within the posterior fossa affecting central vestibular tone [11]. It seems that the connective tissue matrix is more abnormal in eyes with IOOA than in normal muscles or muscles after surgery.…”

Ocular Torsion in Children with Horizontal Strabismus or Orthophoria

“…While the objective motor torsion calculation is difficult to document during child fundus exams [ 13 , 14 ], the fundus camera can yield high-quality photos from which the fovea-to-optic disc relationship is calculated. Children with infantile strabismus often have associated oblique muscle overaction with secondary disconjugate binocular torsion [ 15 , 16 ] and with fundus photos it seems the rates are even higher than described decades ago. Advanced imaging using non-mydriatic fundus cameras can be easily performed in children and enable the accurate measurement and documentation of ocular torsion.…”

Decrease of over-elevation in adduction after surgery of medial rectus muscles in partially refractive accommodative esotropia

“…Therefore when fusion is lost this is recognised as a forward pitch, leading to increasing upward tonus to the extraocular muscles and an evident primary oblique muscle overaction. 18 Pott et al, in their small case series of cyclic ET patients with over-elevation in adduction and V pattern, reported successful results with horizontal surgery only via recovery of fusion. 19 When we looked at the duration of symptoms before the operation, we found no significant correlation with the postoperative regression of over-elevation.…”

Spontaneous Recovery of Inferior Oblique Overaction in Three Saudi Children: A Case Report

“…In another study, elevated numbers of neuromuscular junctions relative to the whole muscle area were noted in muscles with IOOA [10]. It is postulated that primary oblique muscle overaction could be due to early-onset strabismus or structural lesions within the posterior fossa affecting central vestibular tone [11]. It seems that the connective tissue matrix is more abnormal in eyes with IOOA than in normal muscles or muscles after surgery.…”

Ocular Torsion in Children with Horizontal Strabismus or Orthophoria

“…While the objective motor torsion calculation is difficult to document during child fundus exams [ 13 , 14 ], the fundus camera can yield high-quality photos from which the fovea-to-optic disc relationship is calculated. Children with infantile strabismus often have associated oblique muscle overaction with secondary disconjugate binocular torsion [ 15 , 16 ] and with fundus photos it seems the rates are even higher than described decades ago. Advanced imaging using non-mydriatic fundus cameras can be easily performed in children and enable the accurate measurement and documentation of ocular torsion.…”

Decrease of over-elevation in adduction after surgery of medial rectus muscles in partially refractive accommodative esotropia

“…Therefore when fusion is lost this is recognised as a forward pitch, leading to increasing upward tonus to the extraocular muscles and an evident primary oblique muscle overaction. 18 Pott et al, in their small case series of cyclic ET patients with over-elevation in adduction and V pattern, reported successful results with horizontal surgery only via recovery of fusion. 19 When we looked at the duration of symptoms before the operation, we found no significant correlation with the postoperative regression of over-elevation.…”

Spontaneous Recovery of Inferior Oblique Overaction in Three Saudi Children: A Case Report

“…In another study, elevated numbers of neuromuscular junctions relative to the whole muscle area were noted in muscles with IOOA [10]. It is postulated that primary oblique muscle overaction could be due to early-onset strabismus or structural lesions within the posterior fossa affecting central vestibular tone [11]. It seems that the connective tissue matrix is more abnormal in eyes with IOOA than in normal muscles or muscles after surgery.…”

Ocular Torsion in Children with Horizontal Strabismus or Orthophoria

“…While the objective motor torsion calculation is difficult to document during child fundus exams [ 13 , 14 ], the fundus camera can yield high-quality photos from which the fovea-to-optic disc relationship is calculated. Children with infantile strabismus often have associated oblique muscle overaction with secondary disconjugate binocular torsion [ 15 , 16 ] and with fundus photos it seems the rates are even higher than described decades ago. Advanced imaging using non-mydriatic fundus cameras can be easily performed in children and enable the accurate measurement and documentation of ocular torsion.…”

Decrease of over-elevation in adduction after surgery of medial rectus muscles in partially refractive accommodative esotropia

“…Therefore when fusion is lost this is recognised as a forward pitch, leading to increasing upward tonus to the extraocular muscles and an evident primary oblique muscle overaction. 18 Pott et al, in their small case series of cyclic ET patients with over-elevation in adduction and V pattern, reported successful results with horizontal surgery only via recovery of fusion. 19 When we looked at the duration of symptoms before the operation, we found no significant correlation with the postoperative regression of over-elevation.…”