Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Urinary Bladder Diagnosed by Urine Cytology

Khalbuss, Walid E.; Hossain, Monowar; Elhosseiny, Abdelmonem

doi:10.1159/000327878

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Most previously reported cases of primary bladder melanomas showed a strong pigmentation. 1,[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In our case, the pigment was very scant, similar to what had been found in the case of Ahlen and colleagues. 11 In such cases, immunohistochemical study is required.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Malignant melanoma of the bladder: A case report

Sayar

Erdoğan

Adamhasan

et al. 2014

CUAJ

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Cite as: Can Urol Assoc J 2014;8(1-2):e54-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1242 Published online January 14, 2014. AbstractPrimary malignant melanoma of the bladder is very rare. Rather than being a primary lesion, malignant melanomas of the bladder are more commonly metastatic lesions. The histopathological appearance largely does not differ from that of melanoma at other body sites. It is often difficult to discriminate whether a bladder melanoma is primary or metastatic. Therefore, a careful review of histological features and performing necessary immunohistochemical staining procedures for S-100 protein and HMB-45 are very important in achieving a correct diagnosis. We report a case of hypomelanotic malignant melanoma of the bladder. Despite the variety of therapies available for primary melanomas of the bladder, the prognosis is still poor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…4 Wheelock and colleagues reported the first case of primary malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder in 1942. 6,7 About 20 cases of primary malignant melanoma of the bladder have been reported to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant melanoma of the bladder: A case report

Sayar

Erdoğan

Adamhasan

et al. 2014

CUAJ

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“…[ 27 ] Metastatic melanoma may present with melanuria and melanosis. Cytomorphologic fi ndings of melanoma are individually scattered large atypical cells with round to oval nuclei with abundant cytoplasm.…”

Section: Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Other Malignancies Primary and Metastatic and Miscellaneous Lesions

Hoda

Pambuccian

et al. 2016

The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

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Non-urothelial bladder tumors are uncommon , accounting for less than 5 % of all bladder tumors, and may rarely be detected in urine cytology [ 1 , 2 ]. Cytological diagnosis of non-urothelial carcinoma (non-UC) and metastasis has rarely been described and frequently poses a diagnostic challenge due to morphological overlap with urothelial carcinoma (UC). Moreover, the cytological distinction between UC with divergent differentiation from pure non-UC may not be possible in cytological samples or in small biopsy specimens, and frequently requires surgical resection. Primary non-UC malignancies pursue an aggressive clinical course and often present at an advanced stage of disease. A multimodal approach using clinical details, imaging results, and pathological diagnosis is vital for a prompt management decision and earlier therapeutic intervention. The overall survival, however, remains poor [ 3 ]. Metastasis to the urinary bladder is a rare event and review of the prior primary tumor is necessary to exclude the possibility of an independent primary non-UC [ 4 ]. This chapter will review the background, etiology, diagnostic criteria cytology [ 5 , 6 ], particularly on histological diagnosis and utility of immunocyto-and histochemistry for non-urothelial tumors and metastasis to the bladder. 88 Epithelial Malignancies Squamous Cell CarcinomaBackground Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) is the second most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, accounting for 2-5 % of all malignancies and 10-20 % of muscle-invasive malignancies of the bladder in the Western world [ 7 ]. However, in countries endemic for Schistosoma hematobium infection (North Africa and the Middle East), it is responsible for about 25-30 % of all bladder malignancies [ 8 ]. Based on etiology and (bilharzial) clinical presentation, SqCC of the urinary tract can be classifi ed as Schistosoma-associated and non-bilharzial. Regardless of their etiology, SqCC of the urinary tract is usually well differentiated (10 %) or moderately differentiated (60 %) and shows abundant keratinization.Non-bilharzial SqCC of the urinary tract usually occurs in adults with a peak incidence in the seventh decade and typically presents with painless hematuria and irritative symptoms. It is usually associated with conditions leading to urinary stasis with resultant epithelial injury such as spinal cord injury or paraplegic patients and chronic infl ammation resulting from smoking, food or bacterial infections, calculi and long-term cyclophosphamide treatment [ 6 , 7 ].

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“…Urine cytology usually reveals exfoliated malignant cells and macrophages with cytoplasmic melanin pigment. At time of diagnosis, widespread metastases are found in the liver, brain, bone, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs (72)(73)(74).…”

Section: Primary Malignant Melanomas Of the Urinary Bladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracutaneous Malignant Melanomas

Hussein

2008

Cancer Investigation

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Extracutaneous malignant melanomas are rare tumors with vexing clinical presentation and grim prognosis. Only 4%-5% of all primary melanomas do not arise from the skin. These tumors are almost uniformly fatal, even in 2006. Although a fairly good number of these lesions were reported in the literature, the lack of a side-by-side analysis of these studies has resulted in tentative conclusions that merely offer a first glimpse at the clinicopathologic diversity of these lesions. To remedy this issue, this article took an aim at presenting a literature review concerning extracutaneous malignant melanomas. It also reports several cases of extracutaneous melanomas, which I came across in my 15 years of surgical and molecular pathology practice. The study raises several notions. Extracutaneous malignant melanomas are rare but extremely aggressive lesions with a grim outcome. They include ocular, metastatic, anorectal, mucosal, nail beds, conjunctival, vaginal, urogenital, orbital, esophageal, and leptomeningial malignant melanomas. The development of these lesions lacks an association with sun damage, family history, or precursor nevi. These lesions cause considerable diagnostic consternation and their distinction from other types of tumors (such as undifferentiated carcinomas, high-grade sarcomas, and lymphomas) is critical both from a diagnostic and prognostic point of view. In the proper clinical, histological, and cytological context, immunopositivity for S100 protein, HMB45, and vimentin allows the distinction of these malignant melanomas from other histologically similar malignancies. To conclude, extracutaneous melanoma should be considered while undifferentiated neoplasms, especially those displaying prominent eosinophilic nucleoli, and the coexistence of epithelioid and spindle cells. Special staining and immunohistochemistry should be resorted to establish the diagnosis.

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Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Urinary Bladder Diagnosed by Urine Cytology

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Malignant melanoma of the bladder: A case report

Malignant melanoma of the bladder: A case report

Other Malignancies Primary and Metastatic and Miscellaneous Lesions

Extracutaneous Malignant Melanomas

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