Primary human osteoblast and mesenchymal stem cell responses to apatite/tricalcium phosphate bone cement modified with polyacrylic acid and bioactive glass

Abstract

In this work, three different modified cements, control apatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate cement (CPC), polymeric CPC (p-CPC), and bioactive glass added polymeric cement (p-CPC/BG) were evaluated regarding their physical properties and the responses of primary human osteoblast cells (HObs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although polyacrylic acid (PAA) increased compressive strength and Young's modulus of the cement, it could cause poor apatite phase formation, a prolonged setting time, and a lower degradation rate. Consequently, bioactive glass (BG) was added to PAA/cement to improve its physical properties, such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, setting time, and degradation. For in vitro testing, HObs viability was assessed under two culture systems with cement-preconditioned medium (indirect) and with cement (direct). HObs viability was examined in direct contact with cements treated by different prewashing conditions. HObs presented a more well spread morphology on cement soaked in medium overnight, as compared to other cements with no treatment and washing in PBS. In addition, the proliferation, differentiation, and total collagen production of both HObs and MSCs adhered to the cement were detected. Cells showed excellent proliferation on PAA/cement and PAA/BG/cement. Furthermore, the higher released Si ion and lower acidosis of PAA/BG/cementconditioned medium resulted in an increase in osteogenic differentiation (HObs and MSCs) and enhanced collagen production (HObs in osteogenic medium and MSCs in control medium). Therefore, our findings suggest that BG incorporated PAA/apatite/ β-TCP cement could be a promising formula for bone repair applications.apatite bone cement, bioactive glass, calcium phosphate cement, osteoblast, polyacrylic acid, polymeric calcium phosphate cement, stem cells | INTRODUCTIONOsteoporosis, one of the common diseases of the aging population, is one orthopedic issue that frequently requires treatment with a bone replacement material. 1 Synthetic bone graft substitutes are attractive due to the limited availability of autografts and their associated costs. 2,3 Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are one of the most promising biomaterials for bone grafting applications due to their

Gel Based on Hydroxyethyl Starch with Immobilized Amikacin for Coating of Bone Matrices in Experimental Osteomyelitis Treatment

“…Titanium prostheses are also widely used in clinical practice . Poly­( N -isopropylacrylamide), polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyetherketones , are used as polymer synthetic materials as well as poly­(methyl methacrylate) and cross-linked poly­(acrylic acid). − Biodegradable materials used for temporary filling of small defects and cavities include polycyanoacrylates, bioceramics and bioglasses, , hydroxyapatite, , polysaccharides, , hyaluronic acid, and biodegradable polyesters. , Synthetic grafts are easy to manufacture, and their composition and properties can be varied, however, their biological performance and mechanical properties are still limited compared to bone grafts. Although the volume of synthetic materials used for bone replacement is increasing at a record pace, allografts and xenomaterials still prevail in modern clinical practice. , …”