Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma

Abstract

Gastrointestinal tract is the most common extranodal site involved by lymphoma with the majority being non-Hodgkin type. Although lymphoma can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, the most frequent sites in order of its occurrence are the stomach followed by small intestine and ileocecal region. Gastrointestinal tract lymphoma is usually secondary to the widespread nodal diseases and primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma is relatively rare. Gastrointestinal lymphomas are usually not clinically specific and indistinguishable from other benign and malignant conditions. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common pathological type of gastrointestinal lymphoma in essentially all sites of the gastrointestinal tract, although recently the frequency of other forms has also increased in certain regions of the world. Although some radiological features such as bulky lymph nodes and maintenance of fat plane are more suggestive of lymphoma, they are not specific, thus mandating histopathological analysis for its definitive diagnosis. There has been a tremendous leap in the diagnosis, staging and management of gastrointestinal lymphoma in the last two decades attributed to a better insight into its etiology and molecular aspect as well as the knowledge about its critical signaling pathways.

Linfoma primario del intestino delgado: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

“…Ciertos subtipos histológicos muestran predilección por algunas localizaciones: el linfoma MALT en el estómago, el de células del manto en el íleon terminal, yeyuno y colon; el linfoma de células T asociado con enteropatía en el yeyuno y el linfoma folicular en el duodeno (15).…”

The role of laparoscopy in preoperative staging of oesophageal / gastric carcinoma

“…Stomach is the commonest site (60-75%) though any part of the gastrointestinal tract could be involved [4].While primary oesophageal lymphoma is hardly found, local spread from gastric lymphoma or secondary deposits from cervical or mediastinal lymph nodes give rise to infrequent (<1%) cases of oesophageal involvement [4]. Further, although NHL presents at a particular site, the tumour is widely disseminated at the time of diagnosis [3].…”

“…Up to about 40% of lymphomas are seen in sites other than lymph nodes with the gastrointestinal tract being the commonest extra nodal site with preponderance to non-Hodgkin type [3,4]. Stomach is the commonest site (60-75%) though any part of the gastrointestinal tract could be involved [4].While primary oesophageal lymphoma is hardly found, local spread from gastric lymphoma or secondary deposits from cervical or mediastinal lymph nodes give rise to infrequent (<1%) cases of oesophageal involvement [4].…”

“…Further, although NHL presents at a particular site, the tumour is widely disseminated at the time of diagnosis [3]. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and radio immunotherapy are the available treatment modalities for gastrointestinal lymphomas either in isolation or in any combination [4].…”

Natural killer-like t-cell lymphoma localized to the terminal ileum: case report

“…They consist of heterogeneous subsets including T-cells or natural killer (NK) cells and neoplastic counterparts of each with diverse ontogeny and phenotype. Additionally, there are systemic T-cell or NK cell lymphomas [such as γδ T cell lymphoma and extranodal natural killer-like T-cell lymphoma (NK/Tcell lymphoma), nasal type] that may involve the intestine and the differential diagnosis is crucial (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). We report a case with a perforated mass of the terminal ileum diagnosed as NK/T-cell lymphoma.…”