Primary Dermal Melanoma

Swetter, Susan M.; Ecker, Phillip M.; Johnson, Denise; Harvell, Jeff D.

doi:10.1001/archderm.140.1.99

Cited by 91 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Although none of the morphological criteria taken separately were powerful enough to distinguish between benign and malignant tissue, we highlight specific histological features of equine melanoma that recapitulate those seen in atypical rare forms of human malignant nævi and melanomas such as pigment synthesizing melanoma, desmoplastic melanoma, primary dermal melanoma, and malignant blue nævus [24-27]. This makes the study of equine melanoma a source of information to understand development of atypical melanoma in mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RACK1, a clue to the diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas in horses

et al. 2012

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BackgroundMelanocytic proliferations are common in horses but the diagnosis of malignancy is not always straightforward. To improve diagnosis and prognosis, markers of malignancy are needed. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) protein may be such a marker. RACK1 was originally found to characterize malignant melanocytic lesions in the Melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov minipig (MeLiM) and, later, in human patients. Our purpose was to investigate the value of RACK1 in the classification of cutaneous melanocytic proliferations in horses.ResultsUsing immunofluorescence, we report here that both MITF (Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) and PAX3 (Paired box 3) allow the identification of melanocytic cells in horse skin samples. Importantly, RACK1 was detected in melanocytic lesions but not in healthy skin melanocytes. Finally, we found that RACK1 labeling can be used in horses to distinguish benign melanocytic tumors from melanomas. Indeed, RACK1 labeling appeared more informative to assess malignancy than individual histomorphological features.ConclusionsThis study confirms that horses provide an interesting model for melanoma genesis studies. It establishes MITF and PAX3 as markers of horse melanocytic cells. RACK1 emerges as an important marker of malignancy which may contribute to progress in the diagnosis of melanomas in both human and veterinary medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RACK1, a clue to the diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas in horses

et al. 2012

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“…Nevertheless, small series of dermal or subcutaneous solitary lesions have been reported with consistently better recurrence and survival rates, depending on the thickness and presence of ulceration. In 2004, Swetter et al [1] reported a series of 5 patients with such lesions and speculated that those were cases of a distinct subtype of melanoma and should be referred to by the term primary dermal melanoma . It is, therefore, of utmost importance to differentiate PDM from a solitary dermal or subcutaneous metastasis of melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary dermal melanoma (PDM) has been proposed as a specific subtype of melanoma [1, 2]. Such a skin lesion is confined to the dermis and/or subcutaneous fat, showing no connections with the overlying epidermis and simulating a melanoma metastasis [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a skin lesion is confined to the dermis and/or subcutaneous fat, showing no connections with the overlying epidermis and simulating a melanoma metastasis [1]. PDM should be differentiated from primary nodular melanoma, cutaneous metastatic melanoma and clear cell sarcoma, due to its excellent prognosis as compared to that of patients with these three latter diseases [2, 3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Dermal Melanoma in a Patient with a History of Multiple Malignancies: A Case Report with Molecular Characterization

Sini

Colombino²,

Lissia³

et al. 2013

Case Rep Dermatol

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Introduction: Primary dermal melanoma (PDM) is a recently described clinical entity accounting for less than 1% of all melanomas. Histologically, it is located in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, and it shows no connections with the overlying epidermis. The differential diagnosis is principally made along with that of metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Case Report: A 72-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of multiple cancers (metachronous bilateral breast cancer, meningioma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, uterine fibromatosis and intestinal adenomatous polyposis), came to our attention with a nodular lesion on her back. After removal of the lesion, the histology report indicated malignant PDM or metastatic malignant melanoma. The clinical and instrumental evaluation of the patient did not reveal any other primary tumour, suggesting the primitive nature of the lesion. The absence of an epithelial component argued for a histological diagnosis of PDM. Subsequently, the patient underwent a wide surgical excision with sentinel node biopsy, which was positive for metastatic melanoma. Finally, the mutational status was studied in the main genes that regulate proliferation, apoptosis and cellular senescence. No pathogenetic mutations in CDKN2A, BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, cKIT, TP53 and PTEN genes were observed. This suggests that alternative pathways and low-frequency alterations may be involved. Conclusions: The differential diagnosis between PDM and isolated metastatic melanoma depends on the negativity of imaging studies and clinical findings for other primary lesions. This distinction is important because 5-year survival rates in such cases are higher than in metastatic cases (80-100 vs. 5-20%, respectively).

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“…The dermal foci suggestive of tumoral vascular and lymphatic invasion favored a clinical diagnosis of metastatic melanoma over that of primary dermal melanoma. [4–7] Our findings represent novel discoveries in the immune response in situ and may suggest that the spontaneous immune response we detected could already attack and destroy the primary melanoma that we were unable to find. This may explain why no primary distant site melanoma was found despite extensive studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

CD45/CD8 myeloid histioid antigen and plasma cell antibody immune response in a case of malignant melanoma

Velez

Howard

Pereyo³

et al. 2012

North Am J Med Sci

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The immune response in metastatic melanoma is not well established and therefore is of particular interest to test for recruitment of immune cells to the tumor. A 46-year-old Caucasian female was evaluated for an asymptomatic right forearm mass. The lesion had been present for at least 4 years and had become painful 4 months ago. Biopsies for hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, as well as immunohistochemical analysis were performed on the primary tumor and on sentinel lymph nodes. The H and E staining was consistent with metastatic melanoma. Positive staining was noted on the tumor cells with S-100, Mart-1/Melan A/CD63, PNL2, HMB45, and tyrosinase. Peritumoral and intratumoral inflammatory cells stained positive for CD8, CD45, PCNA, myeloid histoid antigen, antihuman plasma cell antibody, and focal BRCA1. The staining patterns of CD8/CD45, myeloid histoid antigen and plasma cell antibody on inflammatory cells around the melanoma cells suggest an unusual type of immune response.

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Primary Dermal Melanoma

Cited by 91 publications

References 16 publications

RACK1, a clue to the diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas in horses

RACK1, a clue to the diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas in horses

Primary Dermal Melanoma in a Patient with a History of Multiple Malignancies: A Case Report with Molecular Characterization

CD45/CD8 myeloid histioid antigen and plasma cell antibody immune response in a case of malignant melanoma

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