Preventive Effects of Spirogyra neglecta and a Polysaccharide Extract against Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Colitis in Mice

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) results from colonic epithelial barrier defects and impaired mucosal immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modifying effects of a Spirogyra neglecta extract (SNE), a polysaccharide extract (PE) and a chloroform fraction (CF) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine the mechanisms. To induce colitis, ICR mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Seven days preceding the DSS treatment, oral administration of SNE, PE and CF at doses of 50, 25 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 200, 100 and 1 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and vehicle was started and continued for 14 days. Histologic findings showed that DSS-induced damage of colonic epithelial structure and inflammation was attenuated in mice pre-treated with SNE, PE and CF. Furthermore, SNE and PE significantly protected colonic epithelial cells from DSS-induced cell cycle arrest, while SNE, PE and CF significantly diminished apoptosis. Proteome analysis demonstrated that SNE and PE might ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by inducing antioxidant enzymes, restoring impaired mitochondria function, and regulating inflammatory cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that SNE and PE could prevent DSS-induced colitis in ICR mice by protection against and/or aiding recovery from damage to the colonic epithelium, reducing ROS and maintaining normal mitochondrial function and apoptosis.

Natural Products Modulate Cell Apoptosis: A Promising Way for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

“…In 2016, a study by Taya et al demonstrated that the extract (50 and 200 mg/kg) of Spirogyra neglecta, a freshwater green alga in the northern provinces of Thailand, diminished apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells in colitis mice via suppressing p38, ERK1/2, and MAP2K1 (Taya et al, 2016). Indirubin and Isatin are bioactive components in Qin Dai [Brassicaceae: Isatis tinctoria subsp.…”

Profil fitokimia selada laut (Ulva lactuca) dan mikro alga filamen (Spirogyra sp) sebagai bahan alam bahari potensial dari perairan Indonesia

“…berlimpah di habitat air tawar di seluruh dunia, dan terdiri dari sekitar 380 jenis (Takano et al, 2019). Mikroalga filamen air tawar (Spirogyra sp) menghasilkan metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, steroid, flavonoid, tanin dan terpenoid (Mesbahzadeh dkk., 2018), fenolat, glikosida, dan saponin (Taya et al, 2016). Sejumlah besar produk ganggang juga dapat menjadi bahan baku dalam industri makanan, kosmetik, biokimia dan farmasi.…”

“…Pada 1 mL filtrat, ditambahkan 1 mL pereaksi Barfoed. (Farnsworth, 1966;Adusei et al, 2019) (Yoon et al, 2013;Taya et al, 2016;Takano et al, 2019 melarutkan pati, protein, klorofil, resin, dan minyak mudah menguap. Sel yang mengerut akan mengembang ketika direaksikan dengan kloralhidrat sehingga fragmen pengenal dapat terlihat jelas (Takano et al, 2019).…”

“…Nilai yang semakin tinggi menunjukkan bahwa sampel senyawa yang diduga memang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Menurut (Taya et al, 2016) intensitas antioksidan dinyatakan berdasarkan konsentrasi IC 50. Suatu antioksidan dinyatakan sangat kuat apabila memiliki nilai IC 50 <50 ppm.…”

“…Jika nilai IC 50 <50 ppm maka kedua simplisia bahari yaitu selada laut (Ulva lactuca) dan mikrolaga filamen (Spirogyra sp) memiliki intensitas sangat kuat sebagai antioksidan dan merupakan bahan alam bahari potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi sumber antioksidan alam. (Taya et al, 2016).…”