Preventing COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

Khadka, Sitaram; Hashmi, Furqan K.; Usman, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s40267-020-00728-8

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The government and public health organizations can take steps to reduce the rate of COVID-19 transmission in the future. For example, in addition to helping their people, leading countries can help low-and middleincome countries (LMICs) prepare for the epidemic and most effectively fight against the disease (Khadka et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental concern regarding the effect of humidity and temperature on 2019-nCoV survival: fact or fiction

Harmooshi

Shirbandi

Rahim

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The new coronavirus, called 2019-nCoV, is a new type of virus that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Environmental conditions necessary for survival and spread of 2019-nCoV are somewhat transparent but unlike animal coronaviruses. We are poorly aware of their survival in environment and precise factors of their transmission. Countries located in east and west of globe did not have a significant impact on prevalence of disease among communities, and on the other hand, north and south have provided a model for relative prediction of disease outbreaks. The 2019-nCoV can survive for up to 9 days at 25°C, and if this temperature rises to 30°C, its lifespan will be shorter. The 2019-nCoV is sensitive to humidity, and lifespan of viruses in 50% humidity is longer than that of 30%. Also, temperature and humidity are important factors influencing the COVID-19 mortality rate and may facilitate 2019-nCoV transmission. Thus, considering the available and recent evidence, it seems that low temperatures, as well as dry and unventilated air, may affect stability and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental concern regarding the effect of humidity and temperature on 2019-nCoV survival: fact or fiction

Harmooshi

Shirbandi

Rahim

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are less likely to have an increased recovery rate, and attack rate compared to high-income countries. This might be due to the lack of proper healthcare facilities, financial status, lack of awareness, lack of human resources, and expertise in LMICs (Khadka et al 2020). Usually, the healthcare sector receives little attention from the international public health community; these problems are not restricted to high-income countries but are becoming increasingly crucial in middle-income and, to a lesser extent, some low-income countries (Weatherall et al 2006).…”

Section: Possible Effects Of Social and Economic Factors On Covid-19 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally

Hassan

Kalam

Shano

et al. 2020

JRFM

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The COVID-19 pandemic has manifested more than a health crisis and has severely impacted on social, economic, and development crises in the world. The relationship of COVID-19 with countries’ economic and other demographic statuses is an important criterion with which to assess the impact of this current outbreak. Based on available data from the online platform, we tested the hypotheses of a country’s economic status, population density, the median age of the population, and urbanization pattern influence on the test, attack, case fatality, and recovery rates of COVID-19. We performed correlation and multivariate multinomial regression analysis with relative risk ratio (RRR) to test the hypotheses. The correlation analysis showed that population density and test rate had a significantly negative association (r = −0.2384, p = 0.00). In contrast, the median age had a significant positive correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.4654, p = 0.00) and case fatality rate (r = 0.2847, p = 0.00). The urban population rate had a positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.1610, p = 0.04). Lower-middle-income countries had a negative significant correlation with case fatality rate (r= −0.3310, p = 0.04). The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that low-income countries are more likely to have an increased risk of case fatality rate (RRR = 0.986, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 0.97−1.00, p < 0.05) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.95–0.98, p = 0.00). The lower-income countries are more likely to have a higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.96–0.98, p = 0.00). Similarly, upper middle-income countries are more likely to have higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.98–1.0, p = 0.01) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00). The low- and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services and implement adequate COVID-19 preventive measures to reduce the risk burden. We recommend a participatory, whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach for responding to the socio-economic challenges of COVID-19 and ensuring more resilient and robust health systems to safeguard against preventable deaths and poverty by improving public health outcomes.

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“…As studies showed, of the total coronavirus cases, about 80% displayed mild symptoms, and 14% developed severe complications like pneumonia. Only 5% have been critical, and 1% were asymptomatic [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community’s misconception about COVID-19 and its associated factors among Gondar town residents, Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Background Despite the implementation of various strategies such as the declaration of COVID-19 emergency state, staying at home, lockdown, and massive protective equipment distribution, still COVID-19 is increasing alarmingly. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the community’s perception of COVID-19 and its associated factors in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 635 Gondar administrative town residents, from April 20 to April 27, 2020. Study participants were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Epi-Data version 4.6 and STATA 14 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Logistic regressions (bivariable and multivariable) were performed to identify statistically significant variables at p < 0.05. Results Of the 635 study participants, 623 have completed the study with a 98.1% response rate. The mean age of participants was 36.32 years (SD ± 13.24). The overall magnitude of the community’s misconception about COVID-19 stood at 56.9% (349). Age and religion showed a negative association with misconceptions. To be specific, being in the age group of 27–33 (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.32, 0.86) and being a Muslim (AOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34, 0.78) were negatively associated with the misconception of COVID-19, whereas occupation and awareness showed positive associations with the misconception. To be specific, having an unemployed occupational status (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.14, 2.82) and being unaware of the number of cases of COVID-19 (AOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.05, 2.62) were positively associated with the community’s misconception on COVID-19. Conclusion The magnitude of the community’s misconception about COVID-19 among Gondar town residents was high. Age, religion, unemployment, and unawareness about the number of COVID-19 cases were significant factors of misconception about COVID-19. Thus, stakeholders ought to build community perceptions about COVID 19. To resolve misinformation about COVID-19, accurate and relevant information should be provided to the community using appropriate communication media.

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Preventing COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Environmental concern regarding the effect of humidity and temperature on 2019-nCoV survival: fact or fiction

Environmental concern regarding the effect of humidity and temperature on 2019-nCoV survival: fact or fiction

Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally

Community’s misconception about COVID-19 and its associated factors among Gondar town residents, Northwest Ethiopia

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