Prevalencia en México de la infección y el estado de portador de la hepatitis B en adultos

Abstract

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection and carrier status in Mexico; to analyze the frequency and distribution of hepatitis B markers in relation to the demographic and geographic variables and to identify risk factors. Materials and Methods. A total of 12 014 sera samples from the 2000 National Health Survey that were randomly selected for Anti-HB c and HBsAg were studied. The sera were collected between November 1999 and June 2000 on a national level. Results. Seroprevalence for anti-HB c and HBsAg were 3.3% (CI 95%: 2.8-3.9) and 0.21% (0.11-0.37), respectively. Odds ratios adjusted by age for anti-HB c were: 15.3 for subjects 50 to 59 years old as compared with adults less than 29 years of age; 2.6 for residents in the southern region of the country as compared with residents in the central region; 4.6 for laborers as compared with business owners; 2.1 for women having had stillbirths; and 1.7 for adults having initiated sexual relations before 25 years of age. Conclusion. The epidemiological pattern for hepatitis B in Mexico is lower than the data worldwide. Nevertheless, it is of concern that 1.7 million Mexicans have suffered from the infection caused by this virus and 107 000 suffer from a chronic carrier status.

Hepatitis B surface antibodies in medical students from a public university in Puebla, Mexico

“…In Mexico the prevalence of this marker has been reported at 0.14% (95%CI 0.05-0.27) in the age group of 20-29 y old (general population, not limited to health-related students or personnel). 8 Our students had similar HBsAg prevalence to that reported in Brazilian medical students 0.5%, 19 and different to that reported in Colombian and Taiwanese medical students at 0.15% and 1.7%, respectively. 27,28 Overall anti-HBc prevalence in our study was 1.0% (95%CI 0.87-1.13).…”

“…This may be explained because the mean age in our study was 20 y and a positive correlation between age and detection of anti-HBc has been reported that it is doubled starting at 25 y in Mexico. 8,29 Thus our subjects may still be young to detected correlation between sexual activity and anti-HBc positivity. Risk factors such as male gender and being exposed to patients in clinical practice were not significantly associated with anti-HBc positivity (Table 4).…”

“…8 In another study young people including children between 11 and 29 y old living in rural areas with a high migration rate, had a prevalence of anti-HBc of 22.7%. 29 In both studies, a positive relationship between age and prevalence was found.…”

“…Reported seroprevalence in adults for HBsAg and antiHBc is 0.21% and 3.3% respectively, 8 nevertheless, anti-HBV vaccination is important to reduce infection incidence and its subsequent clinical problems. [2][3]5 Anti-HBV vaccination schedules in Mexico have changed multiple times in the last 25 y since the vaccine first became available for health personnel.…”

“…29 In both studies, a positive relationship between age and prevalence was found. 8,29 Absence of infant vaccination apparently has a negative impact on young people in marginalized rural areas as evidenced by this high prevalence of anti-HBc serological marker of 22.7% reported in 2011. 29 No other report of anti-HBs prevalence in young people or health related students has been reported in Mexico because they are already considered a group at risk for HBV infection and/or it is assumed that they have received a complete immunization scheme.…”