“…In a study carried out in the Peruvian Amazon, 1.6% of pregnant indigenous women were infected 10 , while in other communities in the same region, the rates ranged from 3.2% to 7.5% 11,12 . In Brazil, the overall prevalence of syphilis was less than 2%, similar to the 1.82% observed in the indigenous population of the Brazilian State of Amazonas 13,14 , while in Paraguay, the prevalence in the indigenous population is about 6.6% 15,16 . Likewise, HIV shows variable prevalence rates among indigenous people, estimated at 0.2%-0.7% in the Peruvian Amazon 10,12 , 0.25% in Paraguay 15 , and 0.13%-0.80% in Brazil 13,17,18 .…”