Prevalência de parasitos intestinais e aspectos socioambientais em comunidade indígena no Distrito de Iauaretê, Município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM), Brasil

Abstract

Situado em Terra Indígena do Alto Rio Negro, Iauaretê é o segundo maior pólo de concentração humana no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM) e agrega dez vilas, com 15 etnias. Esse distrito indígena vem sofrendo processo de transformação progressiva de padrão de ocupação disperso e ribeirinho para núcleo com feições urbanas, com aproximadamente 2700 habitantes, desencadeando problemas de saúde pública. Com objetivo de investigar a distribuição de prevalências de parasitos intestinais na população local e discutir a relação desse indicador de saúde com aspectos socioambientais no distrito de Iauaretê, foram realizadas análises da qualidade da água de abastecimento e exames parasitológicos em amostras de fezes e solo. Do total de amostras de água analisadas, 89,2% apresentaram resultado positivo para coliformes termotolerantes. Identificou-se que a vila Dom Bosco foi a que apresentou maior índice de prevalência em amostras fecais com 76% dos indivíduos parasitados. A vila São José apresentou o menor índice com 56%. Os parasitos mais prevalentes em amostras fecais positivas foram, em ordem decrescente, Ascaris lumbricoides (64,84%), Entamoeba coli (32,58%), Endolimax nana (14,84%) e Blastoyistis hominis (13,39%). Em amostras de solo as prevalências mais significativas foram de ovos de Ascaris sp (52,6%), cistos de Entamoeba coli (52,6%) e larvas de ancilostomídeos (52,6%). Concluiu-se que os altos índices de parasitoses intestinais na população, aliados à falta de saneamento básico e à manutenção de práticas sanitárias tradicionais constituem um quadro preocupante em saúde pública.

Prevalence of intestinal parasites and risk factors forspecific and multiple helminth infections in a remote city of the Brazilian Amazon

“…The high overall prevalence of infections with helminth and intestinal protozoa observed in our study corroborates previous studies from the micro-region of the Negro River in the State of Amazonas, which reported prevalence between 69.3% and 87.6% (3) (4) (11) . In these studies, A. lumbricoides was almost always the most prevalent in comparison with other intestinal pathogenic parasites, with the prevalence ranging from 19.3% in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira (Iauaretê) to 51% in the City of Barcelos (3) (12) .…”

“…In these studies, A. lumbricoides was almost always the most prevalent in comparison with other intestinal pathogenic parasites, with the prevalence ranging from 19.3% in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira (Iauaretê) to 51% in the City of Barcelos (3) (12) . The E. histolytica complex was the next in most frequent, with prevalence of 7.3% to 34% (11) (13) . The prevalence of other helminths, such as S. stercoralis, hookworm, and T. trichiura also varied in several studies.…”

Mobilização social em saúde e saneamento em processo de pesquisa-ação em uma comunidade indígena no noroeste amazônico

“…Another strategy that was used in this training experience was the involvement of the course participants in the performance of interviews at the households of the main village of the District of Iauaretê, with the objective of identifying possible changes in the local socio-environmental, health and sanitation conditions after the action research process began in 2005 (Giatti et al, 2007;Rios et al, 2007). The interview form was constituted of eight questions of qualitative and quantitative nature, three about water sources and domestic uses, three about human waste disposal and two about the final waste disposal.…”

“…Others changed it due to the demand of the municipal government. Analyzing comparatively and qualitatively data from these interviews with results obtained from a situational diagnosis that was carried out in 2005 (Giatti et al, 2007;Rios et al, 2007), at the beginning of the project, even though through distinct methodologies, the importance given to the use of rainwater for human consumption stood out in this new stage. The inhabitants consider that the quality of rainwater is better than that of the other sources.…”

“…Thus, participant observation was carried out, questionnaires were administered, interviews were performed, talking maps were built in order to identify the main socio-environmental problems, as well as future expectations, and photo panels were constructed to discuss causal links and possible solutions (Toledo et al, 2006). In addition, studies about the quality of the sources of water and the disposal of solid waste were conducted (Giatti et al, 2007), and also about soil contamination by eggs or cysts of intestinal parasites, parasitological inquiry and the georeferencing of field information (Rios et al, 2007).…”