Prevalência de hábitos de sucção não nutritivos em pré-escolares e a percepção dos pais sobre sua relação com maloclusões

Abstract

Prevalência de hábitos de sucção não nutritivos em pré-escolares e a percepção dos pais sobre sua relação com maloclusõesPrevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits in preschoolers and parents' perception of its relationship with malocclusions ). The conclusion is that the prevalence of oral habits of the population is high and, despite the majority of parents knowing that pacifier sucking can cause damage to oral health, they offer them to calm the child.

Associação entre hábitos orais deletérios e as estruturas e funções do sistema estomatognático: percepção dos responsáveis

“…Among the factors that contribute to early weaning are socio-cultural and economic matters, the use of artificial nipples, and non-nutritive sucking, especially the use of pacifiers, which may pose a risk for HOHs (14,18) . Studies have evidenced high prevalence of HOHs in different populations; however, the frequency of different types of habits changes according to the study, with the use of bottle and pacifier, onychophagia, and thumb sucking as the most commonly reported (6,9,10,12,19) . The data on changes in speech and/or occlusion described by the children's parents and/or guardians are similar to the prevalence found in studies conducted with specific populations, usually schoolchildren or children assisted in basic health services, which mostly described speech disorders in 24.3% to 33.7% of individuals (20,21) , malocclusion in 30% to 45% of samples, and HOHs in over 70% of participants (6,12,22,23) .…”

“…The correlation between the presence of HOHs and speech disorders in the children investigated can be based on the fact that adequate speech pattern also depends on the harmony of the SS structures for correct articulation and resonance (3) , and that, according to some studies, the presence of HOHs negatively influences this system (5)(6)(7)9,12,22) . In this study, no distinction was made between the types of speech disorder, considering that it was based only on the report of parents/guardians; however, it is known that phonetic alterations occur mainly owing to tongue anteriorization between the arches, changing the production of linguo-dental (/t/, /d/, /n/, /l/) and linguo-alveolar (/s/ and /z/) phonemes (28) .…”

“…Oral habits are considered harmful based on some determining factors, such as duration, frequency, and intensity (5) . These determinants, associated with genetic factors, will define the occurrence, type, and severity of facial, occlusal and muscular changes (6) . Among the habits that can compromise the harmony of the SS and become deleterious, suction of bottle and pacifier, thumb sucking, Onychophagia, atypical tongue pressure during speech and swallowing, lip suction, orofacial posture, and oral breathing should be highlighted (4,7,8) .…”

“…With respect to the severity of harmful oral habits (HOH), recent studies indicate prevalence of 30.8% to 70.8%, with pacifier sucking as the most frequent habit. The age range investigated in these studies ranged from four months to 13 years (6,9,10) . Prevention of orofacial impairments based on the determination of the occurrence of HOHs is considered the best focus for the development of a healthy balance between the SS structures, as well as a better possibility of health promotion in the field of Speech-language Pathology within Primary Health Care, whose strategies are still not contemplated and available to the population.…”

The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

“…However, the use of pacifiers and bottle feeding may cause speech disorders, myofunctional disorders and emotional difficulties 8 . Oral habits are common in preschool children, as they occur in the early stages of life, since some objects, such as the pacifier, are included in the layette of pregnant women 9 .…”