Prevalence, Types, and Sources of Bullying Reported by US General Surgery Residents in 2019

Zhang, Lindsey; Ellis, Ryan J.; Cheung, Elaine O.; Hoyt, David B.; Bilimoria, Karl Y.; Hu, Yue

doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2901

Cited by 51 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…1,4,5,10,11 At work, women physicians may spend more time with patients and more frequently address psychosocial issues. [12][13][14][15] At home, women physicians also spend more time on both household and childcare activities and on completing work from home. [16][17][18] This combination of increased burdens for women vs men physicians both at work and at home may explain much of the observed gender disparities in WLI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal and Professional Factors Associated With Work-Life Integration Among US Physicians

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Poor work-life integration (WLI) occurs when career and personal responsibilities come in conflict and may contribute to the ongoing high rates of physician burnout. The characteristics associated with WLI are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To identify personal and professional factors associated with WLI in physicians and identify factors that modify the association between gender and WLI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study was based on electronic and paper surveys administered October 2017 to March 2018 at private, academic, military, and veteran's practices across the US. It used a population-based sample of US physicians across all medical specialties. Data analysis was performed from November 2019 to July 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES WLI was assessed using an 8-item scale (0-100 point scale, with higher scores indicating favorable WLI), alongside personal and professional factors. Multivariable linear regressions evaluated independent associations with WLI as well as factors that modify the association between gender and WLI. RESULTS Of 5197 physicians completing surveys, 4370 provided complete responses. Of the physicians who provided complete responses, 2719 were men, 3491 were White/Caucasian (80.8%), 3560 were married (82.4%), and the mean (SD) age was 52.3 (12.0) years. The mean (SD) WLI score was 55 (23). Women reported lower (worse) mean (SD) WLI scores than men overall (52 [22] vs 57

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal and Professional Factors Associated With Work-Life Integration Among US Physicians

et al. 2021

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“…Workplace mistreatment (eg, discrimination, harassment, abuse, and assault) and its institutional responses are associated with hostile work environments for physicians. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 The prevalence of workplace mistreatment has previously been shown to vary by gender and race/ethnicity, with the highest rates among women and racial/ethnic minority populations. 5 , 6 Prior research has suggested that workplace mistreatment increases feelings of marginalization and may threaten a person’s sense of self, resulting in decreased job performance and productivity as well as increased stress, job dissatisfaction, negative workplace behaviors, and turnover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Discrimination, Abuse, and Harassment in Emergency Medicine Residency Training in the US

Lall

Bilimoria

et al. 2021

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCEThe prevalence of workplace mistreatment and its association with the well-being of emergency medicine (EM) residents is unclear. More information about the sources of mistreatment might encourage residency leadership to develop and implement more effective strategies to improve professional well-being not only during residency but also throughout the physician's career. OBJECTIVETo examine the prevalence, types, and sources of perceived workplace mistreatment during training among EM residents in the US and the association between mistreatment and suicidal ideation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this survey study conducted from February 25 to 29, 2020, all residents enrolled in EM residencies accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) who participated in the 2020 American Board of Emergency Medicine computer-based In-training Examination were invited to participate. A multiple-choice, 35-item survey was administered after the examination asking residents to self-report the frequency, sources, and types of mistreatment experienced during residency training and whether they had suicidal thoughts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe types and frequency of workplace mistreatment and the sources of the mistreatment were identified, and rates of self-reported suicidality were obtained.Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine resident and program characteristics associated with suicidal thoughts. RESULTSOf 8162 eligible EM residents, 7680 (94.1%) responded to at least 1 question on the survey; 6503 (79.7%) completed the survey in its entirety. A total of 243 ACGME-accredited residency programs participated, and 1 did not. The study cohort included 4768 male residents (62.1%), 2698 female residents (35.1%), 4919 non-Hispanic White residents (64.0%), 2620 residents from other racial/ethnic groups (Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian or Pacific Islander, African American, Mexican American, Native Hawaiian, Puerto Rican, other Hispanic, or mixed or other race) (34.1%), 483 residents who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or other (LGBTQ+) (6.3%), and 5951 residents who were married or in a relationship (77.5%). Of the total participants, 3463 (45.1%) reported exposure to some type of workplace mistreatment (eg, discrimination, abuse, or harassment) during the most recent academic year. A frequent source of mistreatment was identified as patients and/or patients' families; 1234 respondents (58.7%) reported gender discrimination, 867 (67.5%) racial discrimination, 282 (85.2%) physical abuse, and 723 (69.1%) sexual harassment from patients and/or family members. Suicidal thoughts occurring during the past year were reported by 178 residents (2.5%), with similar prevalence by gender (108 men [2.4%]; 59 women [2.4%]) and race/ethnicity (113 non-Hispanic White residents [2.4%]; 65 residents from other racial/ethnic groups [2.7%]).

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“…These challenges can further be exacerbated by bullying in the surgical environment which has previously been documented and defined as persistent negative behaviour or aggression, and is often experienced more by women. 15,16 In our study, 17% of participants were verbally discouraged from pursuing a career in surgery, mostly by male colleagues and 36% of participants reported a negative experience, both of which can be considered as bullying. This form of mistreatment can be mitigated through training focused on professionalism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Surgery in South Africa - challenges and barriers

mazza

2021

S. Afr. j. surg.

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BACKGROUND: Sustaining a surgical career can be challenging and there are numerous barriers to pursuing a career in surgery. These barriers and challenges are well reported in international literature, but there is a lack of knowledge on how this affects surgeons in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the barriers and challenges that South African surgeons face in their training and careers METHODS: A 15-item questionnaire was designed and distributed via the Research Electronic Database Capturing software from 1 February-3 April 2020. Data were analysed in Stata 15 SE. All responses were anonymised RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine participants responded to the questionnaire, 33 (26%) of whom were female. The majority were specialist surgeons (n = 87; 71%). One hundred and eleven participants (90%) reported they did not regret pursuing surgery. Barriers to pursuing surgery included limited personal time (n = 98; 76%), heavy surgical workload (n = 92; 71%), and difficulty taking leave of absence (n = 64; 50%), limited postgraduate training (n = 34; 26%), and verbal discouragement (n = 22; 17%). Challenges included difficulty maintaining work-life balance (n = 74; 56%), racial discrimination (n = 29; 23%) and gender discrimination (n = 15; 12%). Fifty-three per cent of participants experienced burnout CONCLUSION: Despite high career satisfaction, South African surgeons face numerous barriers to pursuing and challenges in sustaining a career in surgery and often experience burnout. These barriers and challenges disproportionately affect female surgeons and can be mitigated through formalised mentorship programmes, flexible work schedules, funding for postgraduate training, and training in diversity and discrimination Keywords: surgery, training, challenges, barriers

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Prevalence, Types, and Sources of Bullying Reported by US General Surgery Residents in 2019

Abstract: infection-control/controlrecommendations.html 4. Verbeek JH, Rajamaki B, Ijaz S, et al. Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff.

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Personal and Professional Factors Associated With Work-Life Integration Among US Physicians

Personal and Professional Factors Associated With Work-Life Integration Among US Physicians

Prevalence of Discrimination, Abuse, and Harassment in Emergency Medicine Residency Training in the US

Surgery in South Africa - challenges and barriers

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