Prevalence, Seroconversion and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Dual and Triplex Infections of HIV, Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Protocol

Eleje, George Uchenna; Mbachu, Ikechukwu Innocent; Ogwaluonye, Uchenna Chukwunonso; Kalu, Stephen Okoroafor; Onubogu, Chinyere Ukamaka; Nweje, Sussan Ifeyinwa; Uzochukwu, Chinwe Elizabeth; Nwankwo, Chike Henry; Fiebai, Preye Owen; Loto, Olabisi Morebise; Akaba, Godwin; Usman, Hadiza Abdullahi; Rabiu, Ayyuba; Egeonu, Richard Obinwanne; Igue, Odion Emmanuel; Adesoji, Bukola Abimbola; Jibuaku, Chiamaka Henrietta; Aja, Prince Ogbonnia; Chidozie, Chiamaka Perpetua; Ibrahim, Hadiza Sani; Aliyu, Fatima Ele; Numan, Aisha Ismaila; Okoro, Ogbonna Dennis; Omoruyi, Solace Amechi; Oppah, Ijeoma Chioma; Anyang, Ubong Inyang; Ahmed, Aishat; Yakasai, Ibrahim Adamu; Ezechi, Oliver; Ikechebelu, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu; Group, Triplex Infection in Pregnancy Collaboration

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3686834

Cited by 3 publications

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“…We excluded seven references after obtaining the full-text paper for the following reasons: One reference was an ongoing study 14 and the other six references reported on studies whose study population did not include mother–infant pairs with single, dual or triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV 6,15–19 and one Offor et al 16 was published prior to February 2001, a time prior to the routine use of antiretroviral therapy in Nigerian hospitals 12 (see Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we identified one ongoing study on dual and triplex infections examining the seroprevalence, seroconversion rate, the rate and risk factors for MTCT of the dual or triplex infection in pregnancy using PCR at birth and 6 weeks post-delivery in Nigeria. 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full texts of the remaining 25 articles were screened, and 18 studies (15 studies for HIV; 3 studies for HBV) that analyzed only the MTCT on mono-infection population were identified. We identified one relevant ongoing study by Eleje et al 14 The ongoing study is a multicenter prospective cohort study aimed at determining the sero prevalence, seroconversion rate, the rate and risk factors for MTCT of the dual, and triplex infection in pregnancy using PCR at birth and 6 weeks post-delivery in Nigeria (see Table 1).…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Objectives: To systematically review literature and identify mother-to-child transmission rates of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria. PRISMA guidelines were employed. Searches were on 19 February 2021 in PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL on studies published from 1 February 2001 to 31 January 2021 using keywords: “MTCT,” “dual infection,” “triplex infection,” “HIV,” “HBV,” and “HCV.” Studies that reported mother-to-child transmission rate of at least any of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women and their infant pairs with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria irrespective of publication status or language were eligible. Data were extracted independently by two authors with disagreements resolved by a third author. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird, to produce summary mother-to-child transmission rates in terms of percentage with 95% confidence interval. Protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020202070. The search identified 849 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 25 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 18 were included for meta-analysis. We identified one ongoing study. Pooled mother-to-child transmission rates were 2.74% (95% confidence interval: 2.48%–2.99%; 5863 participants; 15 studies) and 55.49% (95% confidence interval: 35.93%–75.04%; 433 participants; three studies), among mother–infant pairs with mono-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, respectively, according to meta-analysis. Overall, the studies showed a moderate risk of bias. The pooled rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus was 2.74% and hepatitis B virus was 55.49% among mother–infant pairs with mono-infection of HIV and hepatitis B virus, respectively. No data exists on rates of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus on mono-infection or mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among mother–infant pairs with dual or triplex infection of HIV, hepatitis B virus and HCV in Nigeria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…For instance, although our present protocol included determination of rates of seroconversion for these viral infections in pregnancy, we could not evaluate for seroconversion or birth outcomes in our present preliminary findings, which is an important reminder that women can remain at risk for new HCV infections even during pregnancy. 11 Awareness of HCV could be quite challenging in some settings where people may confuse HCV, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and HBV. However, we avoided this confusion by interpreting the questionnaires in vernacular language.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of the protocol is described here, and the complete protocol has previously been published. 11…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria: A national pilot cross-sectional study

Eleje

Rabiu

Mbachu

et al. 2021

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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Background: There are no national data on hepatitis C virus awareness and burden among pregnant women to justify its routine screening. Objectives: To investigate awareness, seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 159 pregnant women from antenatal clinics across six geopolitical zones in Nigeria consented to anti-hepatitis C virus testing which was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction technique. Confirmed hepatitis C virus positive women were further tested for hepatitis B and HIV. Participants were evaluated for risk factors for hepatitis C virus. Odds ratios, adjusted odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined, and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of 159 participants, 77 (48.4%; 95% confidence interval = 38.2%–60.5%) were aware of hepatitis C virus infection and awareness of hepatitis C virus was associated with young age (odds ratio = 2.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.16–4.21), high educational level (odds ratio = 3.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.63–6.64), and participants’ occupation (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval = 0.26–0.99). In multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between awareness of hepatitis C virus and participants’ young age (adjusted odds ratio = 1.60; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–2.35; p = 0.018) and high educational level (adjusted odds ratio = 1.48; 95% confidence interval = 1.17–1.86; p = 0.001) remained significant. Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence was found to be 1.3% (95% confidence interval = 0.2%–4.5%). All (100.0%, 95% confidence interval = 12.1%–100.0%) the hepatitis C virus-positive participants and 99 (63.1%, 95% confidence interval = 51.3%–76.8%) hepatitis C virus-negative participants had identifiable hepatitis C virus risk factors. Dual seropositivity of anti-hepatitis C virus/anti-HIV and anti-hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B surface antigen each accounted for 0.6%. The most identified risk factors were multiple sexual partners (15.7%), shared needles (13.8%), and blood transfusion (11.3%). There was no significant association between the risk factors and hepatitis C virus positive status. Conclusion: Awareness of hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria is low and those aware are positively influenced by young age and high educational level. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection is high and provides preliminary evidence to justify antenatal routine screening.

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Triple sexually transmitted infections among pregnant woman in the context of Elimination of mother to child transmission in Southern Ethiopia: Reports from a survey of questionnaires and laboratory studies.

Israel,

Hizkel,

Geta

et al. 2023

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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IntroductionSexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause a wide range of public health problems if left untreated. They can lead to adverse birth outcomes, including stillbirth, fetal loss, neonatal death, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Although great efforts have been made to reduce STIs nationally, their incidence remains high in Ethiopia, and their co-infection calls for urgent action. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of three STIs among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in the context of the elimination of mother-to-child transmission in public health facilities in Sawla Town, Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Sawla Town, Southern Ethiopia, from May to July 2022. Data were collected from pregnant women’s serum using an HIV rapid test, an HBsAg rapid test device, and a VDRL for HIV, HBV, and syphilis, respectively. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, were used to describe each relevant variable. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of STIs.ResultsA total of 484 pregnant women attending antenatal care were screened. The mean age of the women was 24.0 ± 4.6 years, and nearly half of the participants had completed secondary school or higher. The overall seroprevalence of three STIs (HIV, HBV, and syphilis) among pregnant women was 6.8%. These three sexually transmitted infections were shown to be more common among pregnant women who were not able to read and write, had tattoos, had previously had an abortion, and had a history of multiple sexual partners.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence found in this study was intermediate in comparison with the WHO standard. Efforts should be made to strengthen the existing health education and RH service integration on STI screening, and treatment that further eliminates vertical infection.

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Prevalence, Seroconversion and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Dual and Triplex Infections of HIV, Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Protocol

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Awareness and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria: A national pilot cross-sectional study

Triple sexually transmitted infections among pregnant woman in the context of Elimination of mother to child transmission in Southern Ethiopia: Reports from a survey of questionnaires and laboratory studies.

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