Prevalence of unrecognized depression and associated factors among patients attending medical outpatient department in Adare Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts and that affects the way a person eats, sleeps, feels about him or herself and thinks about things. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders affecting 121 million people in the world, and it frequently goes unrecognized among patients. It is estimated that 5%–10% of the population at any given time is suffering from identifiable depression needing psychiatric or psychosocial intervention. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was implemented to determine the magnitude and associated factors of unrecognized depression among patients attending the adult medical outpatient department in Adare Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia, among 326 patients selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using the interviewer-administered technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and other independent variables. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Data were entered and ana-lyzed using SPSS 20. The level of significance was determined at P<0.05. About 326 patients were interviewed, of whom 186 (57.1%) were males. The mean age of participant was 34 with standard deviation of ±13.1 years. Current substance users accounted for 106 (32.5%) of the total participants. Of 326 respondents, 80 (24.5%) had significant depressive symptoms, while the detection rate of depression by the clinician was 0%. Depression was associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =1.63 [1.14–2.34]), age >60 years (AOR =4.14 [1.87–9.14]), being divorced (AOR =3.13 [1.70–5.76]), and having an average monthly income <750 ETB (AOR =1.92 [1.119–3.195]). The findings of this study revealed that the prevalence of depression among patients attending general medical outpatient department was highly underrecognized and unmanaged. On the basis of these results, we recommended that health-care providers perform a thorough assessment to address common mental disorders, especially depression, and suggest that training to recognize and manage depression appropriately be given.

Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors among Diabetes Patients in East Shewa, Ethiopia: Bayesian Approach

“…This finding is comparable with studies conducted in Peru (11.2%) [ 19 ] and the USA (8.3%) [ 7 ]. However, this result is lower than studies conducted in Ethiopia (15.4 to 64.9%) [ 9 – 15 ], Tanzania (30%) [ 29 ], Nigeria (30%) [ 30 ], Uganda (34.8%) [ 31 ], Sudan (44%) [ 32 ], Pakistan (14.7%) [ 33 ], and Iran (71.8%) [ 8 ]. The possible explanation for these differences might be due to the types of diagnostic tools used to assess depression and its respective cut of value used to decide depression has occurred.…”

“…Prevalence of depression among DM patients varies across countries with 8.3% % in the USA [ 7 ] to 71.8% in Iran [ 8 ], and in Ethiopia, it is ranging from 15.4 to 64.9% [ 9 – 15 ] with 39.73% pooled prevalence [ 16 ]. The presence of depression among diabetic patients increases the noncompliance to the medical treatment, decreases the quality of life, increases the risk of complication, results in poor prognosis, and increases mortality.…”

“…Reducing the prevalence of depression among diabetes patients by designing effective management evidence on associated factors of depression among DM patients is crucial. For that reason, various studies have been piloted at different part of Ethiopia using classical logistic regressions with small datasets [ 9 – 15 ]. However, for small datasets, a Bayesian approach is preferred, and the current study applies the Bayesian framework (logistic regressions) which pools the prior information with current data to identify factors associated with depression among DM patients.…”

The Prevalence of Depression among Diabetic Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2018

“…The studies were conducted from 2013 to 2017 in different regions of the country. Among 9 studies two of them [ 20 , 31 ] were conducted in Addis Ababa, three study [ 18 , 32 , 33 ] were in Amhara region, two studies [ 12 , 19 ] were in Oromia region, and the other two studies [ 34 , 35 ] were in other regions of the country. All studies were cross-sectional study conducted among adult diabetic patients in Ethiopia.…”

“…The study with minimum and maximum sample size was conducted in Amhara and Oromia region, respectively [ 12 , 32 ]. In addition, out of all studies enrolled in this meta-analysis six studies [ 12 , 18 , 31 , 33 – 35 ] were conducted among both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients while the remaining four studies [ 1 , 32 ] were conducted only among type 2 diabetic patients ( Table 1 ).…”