Prevalence of Trachoma in Kano State, Nigeria: Results of 44 Local Government Area-Level Surveys

Muhammad

et al. 2016

Self Cite

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachoma in each of the 25 local government areas (LGAs) of Niger State, Nigeria. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in each Niger State LGA between March and April 2014, as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP). GTMP protocols were used in planning and conduct of the surveys. Using probability proportional to size, 25 clusters were selected; in each of these clusters, 25 households were enrolled for the survey. All residents aged 1 year and older were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme. Additionally, we collected data on household water and sanitation facilities. Results: Only one LGA (Kontagora) had TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds above 10%; one other LGA (Rafi) had TF prevalence between 5.0 and 9.9%. Six LGAs need trichiasis surgical services provided to achieve a prevalence of <1 case of trichiasis per 1000 total population. The proportion of households with access to improved water sources ranged from 23 to 100%, while household-level access to improved latrines ranged from 8 to 100% across the LGAs. Conclusion: The prevalence of trachoma is relatively low in most of Niger State. There is a need for community-based trichiasis surgical services in a small number of LGAs. The trachoma elimination program could engage water and sanitation agencies to augment access to improved water and sanitation facilities, for human rights reasons. Kontagora and Rafi need community-based interventions to reduce the prevalence of active trachoma.

“…The random walk technique was adopted because of security concerns in northern Nigeria, as the population was already familiar with the method. 9–11 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trachoma in Niger State, North Central Nigeria: Results of 25 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys Carried Out with the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Adamu

Muhammad

et al. 2016

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“…8 Version 2 of the GTMP training system was used. As described elsewhere (in a companion paper on GTMP outputs for Kano State 9 ), in Bauchi, for each LGA, we selected 25 households in each of 25 villages, chosen using a 2-stage, systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy. In each selected household, all residents aged 1 year and older were invited to be examined by GTMP-certified 10 graders for signs of TF, trachomatous inflammation – intense and trichiasis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trachoma in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Results of 20 Local Government Area-Level Surveys

Muhammad

Adamu

et al. 2016

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Purpose: To determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) and trichiasis in each of the 20 local government areas (LGAs) of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Methods: We undertook a population-based prevalence survey in each LGA in Bauchi State, employing the Global Trachoma Mapping Project methodology. We used a 2-stage, systematic and quasi-random sampling strategy. Using probability proportional to size, we selected 25 clusters, in each of which 25 households were selected by random walk. All residents of selected households 1 year and older were examined for TF, trachomatous inflammation – intense, and trichiasis, using the World Health Organization simplified grading scheme. Results: Only two LGAs in Bauchi State had TF prevalences in 1–9-year-olds over 5%, with none having TF prevalences of 10% or greater. Only one LGA had a trichiasis prevalence in adults below the elimination threshold; all the others had trichiasis at levels suggestive of public health significance. In all 20 LGAs, more than 60% of households were within 1 km of an improved source of water for hygiene. Conclusion: Efforts need to be made in Bauchi State to provide trichiasis surgery in order to avert trachomatous blindness. Water supplies needs to be sustained and good personal hygiene practices assured so that elimination of trachoma as a public health problem will be achieved and sustained.

“…That is good news for Kwara and its people. Kogi State, which borders Kwara to the east, also enjoys prevalence of trachoma below those felt to represent a public health problem, 38 reinforcing the impression that deployment of the SAFE strategy for trachoma elimination may be required in the northern half of Nigeria, 24,25,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] but not the southern half. Further trachoma mapping in Kwara State is not presently indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in Kwara state, Nigeria: Results of eight population-based surveys from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Alada

Florea

et al. 2018

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Purpose: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methodology: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in eight LGAs of Kwara State using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-size sampling; 25 households were selected from each village using compact segment sampling. All residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMPcertified graders for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trichiasis using the simplified trachoma grading scheme. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) data were also collected. Results: A total of 28,506 residents were enumerated in 4769 households across the eight LGAs. TF prevalence in children aged 1-9 years ranged from 0.2% (95% CI 0.0-0.3%) to 1.3% (95% CI 0.7-2.1%), while trichiasis prevalence in persons ≥15 years was <0.2% in each LGA. Access to improved water source was the lowest in Edu (62%), while access to improved sanitation facilities was the lowest in Asa (6%) and the highest in Ilorin East (64%). Children aged 1-4 years had 0.63 (95% CI 0.40-0.99) times lower odds of having TF compared to children aged 5-9 years. Children in households with ≥5 resident 1-9-year-old children had 1.63 (95% CI 1.02-2.60) times greater odds of having TF compared to those in households with <5 resident children. Conclusion: Trachoma is not a public health problem in Kwara State. Provision of adequate water and sanitation services should be a priority here, as a foundation for the health of the population.