Prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associated clinical parameters: a large-scale, multicenter-based health checkup study

Moon, Jae Hoon; Hyun, Min Kyung; Lee, Ja Youn; Shim, Ju Hyun; Kim, Tae Hyuk; Choi, Hoon; Ahn, Hwa Young; Kim, Kyung Won; Park, Do Joon; Park, Young Joo; Yi, Ka Hee

doi:10.3904/kjim.2015.273

Cited by 92 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The gender disparity of the presence of TNs was in accordance with previous studies [5,19,20]. Interestingly, this study found a higher odds ratio of TNs (3.36, 95%CI = 1.97-5.75; P < 0.001) in females than previous studies, which indicates a potentially increasing trend of gender disparity on TNs with aging.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…To our best knowledge, this is the first study to report prevalence of thyroid nodules among centenarians. According to the previous studies, the prevalence of TNs in senior population was 73.7% in China [5], 54.9% in Korea [19], and 46.2% in Cameroon [20]. The differences in the prevalence may be due to age, gender, race, culture, dietary patterns, and iodine supplements [7,21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid Nodules in Centenarians: Prevalence and Relationship to Lifestyle Characteristics and Dietary Habits

Yao

Chen

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Thyroid nodules (TNs) are common thyroid lesions in older population. Few studies focused on the prevalence of TNs and its relationship to lifestyle characteristics and dietary habits in centenarians. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of TNs in Chinese centenarians using high-resolution ultrasound equipment and investigate its relationship to lifestyles and dietary habits. The current study was part of China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS) which conducted in Hainan, an iodine sufficient region in China. A total of 874 permanent residents aged 100 years or older (mean age, 102.8 ± 2.8 years) without any missing data were included in the analysis. Among the participants, 649 of them were detected at least one thyroid nodule under the ultrasound examinations. The overall prevalence rate of TNs was 74.3%. The prevalence of TNs was higher in participants who were females, hypertension, diabetes, and underweight than their counterparts. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that being female, hypertension, diabetes, betel quid consumption, red meat consumption were independent risk factors, while being underweight, and nut consumption were independent protective factors for TNs. Our findings indicate that the presence of thyroid nodules was highly prevalent in Chinese centenarians, particularly in females. In addition to gender, hypertension, diabetes, and underweight, the presence of TNs was independently associated with betel quid, red meat, and nut consumptions. Further prospective studies are warranted to verify these associations in population from different age strata, races, cultures, and iodine backgrounds. 2 / 12 IntroductionThyroid nodules (TNs) are common thyroid lesions in older population. High-resolution ultrasonography has made possible the detection of asymptomatic and non-palpable thyroid nodules [1]. The prevalence of TNs detected by high-resolution ultrasonography was 19-68% based on randomly selected individuals, with annual increasing trends worldwide [2,3]. The clinical importance of TNs detection rests with the need to exclude thyroid cancer, which occurs in 5-15% of TN cases [1,4]. A recent study reported that the occurrence of TNs increased as people age, with a prevalence of 74% in a community-based sample of Chinese senior adults [5]. However, the prevalence of this lesion in centenarians remained understudied. Considering the issues mentioned above, there is a need to specifically determine the prevalence of TNs in late life, particularly in centenarians.The high prevalence rate of TNs was partly due to widespread application of high-resolution ultrasound and early diagnosis. In addition, recent studies also proposed that several risk factors could attribute to TNs. Among those risk factors, some factors were non-modifiable such as age, sex, and history of irradiation exposure, while others were modifiable including iodine intake, smoking, alcohol drinking, obesity and metabolic syndrome [5][6][7][8]. However, some other modifiable factors, inc...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Nodules in Centenarians: Prevalence and Relationship to Lifestyle Characteristics and Dietary Habits

Yao

Chen

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Also, the role of carbohydrate disorders and insulin resistance has been discussed in the pathogenesis of thyroid nodules formation. Several recent studies demonstrated a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules in patients with metabolic syndrome and reported a correlation between thyroid nodule formation and insulin resistance [23][24][25][26]. In view of these findings we can speculate that the high percentage of metabolic syndrome among patients with PA and controls with EH in our study could contribute to the increased prevalence of multinodular goiter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Thyroid Аbnormalities in Primary Aldosteronism

Matrozova¹,

Кovatcheva²,

Еленкова³

et al. 2019

ARC Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology

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Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of endocrine hypertension, in which a higher rate of cardiovascular complications has been described. On the other hand the association with thyroid disease has been rarely explored. Aim of the study. To investigate the relationship between PA and thyroid pathology, focusing on nodular goiter, in patients with PA and controls with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: We investigated 93 patients with PA (40 with aldosterone producing adenoma (APA), 51 with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and 2 undetermined cases). Plasma renin activity (ng/ml/h) and serum aldosterone (pmol/l) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed using Toshiba ECCOCEE, SSA-340A and 10 MHz linear transducer. Results: Patients with PA and controls with EH had similar levels of TSH. Patients with EH had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol compared to patients with PA (p=0.028). Over 50% of patients in both groups presented with metabolic syndrome, (54.8% in PA vs 54.4 in EH, p=0.957). There was no statistical significant difference between the prevalence of nodular goiter in PA and EH, although thyroid nodules were found more often in patients with PA (58% vs 47%, p=0.142). There were no significant differences in age, BMI, gender, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose between APA and IHA. Triglycerides were higher in IHA compared to APA (p=0.017). Conclusion: Our study reported a high prevalence of nodular goiter in patients with PA and controls with EH. Thyroid nodules were diagnosed more often in patients with PA than in EH although the difference didn't reach statistical significance. Based on the possible relation with the presence of the metabolic syndrome in these patients, screening for thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction will be reasonable.

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“…Further investigation is necessary. The prevalence of thyroid nodules among the general population has also been well-documented [7]. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no previous studies have reported the prevalence of thyroid cysts among the general Japanese population in those between 40 and 74 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroid cysts among the general Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

Shimizu

Nabeshima-Kimura

Kawashiri

et al. 2020

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background: Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) has been shown to cause autoimmune thyroiditis by inducing a deleterious influence on thyroid hormone synthesis. Further, thyroglobulin, which has an important role in thyroid hormone synthesis, is reported to be high in the fluid from thyroid cysts. Therefore, TPO-Ab could be associated with the presence of thyroid cyst, partly by affecting the activity of thyroid hormone synthesis. Methods: To investigate the association between TPO-Ab and thyroid cysts, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 1432 Japanese with normal thyroid function [i.e., normal range of free triiodothyronine (free T3) and free thyroxine (free T4)] between the ages of 40 and 74 years, who participated in an annual health check-up. Results: In men, the statistical power did not reach a statistical significance value. Additionally, subjects with TPO-Ab showed lower odds ratios (ORs) of thyroid cysts than those without TPO-Ab. In women, subjects with TPO-Ab showed significantly lower ORs of thyroid cysts than those without TPO-Ab. The fully adjusted ORs were 0.68 (0.40, 1.18) for men and 0.40 (0.27, 0.60) for women. When evaluating the association between logarithmic values of TPO-Ab titer and thyroid cysts in both men and women, a notable inverse correlation was observed. The fully adjusted ORs were 0.68 (0.50, 0.92) for men and 0.68 (0.57, 0.81) for women. Conclusion: TPO-Ab titer revealed to be inversely associated with thyroid cysts among Japanese with normal thyroid function. The presence of a thyroid cyst could indicate a lower risk of having TPO-Ab among the general population with normal thyroid function.

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Prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associated clinical parameters: a large-scale, multicenter-based health checkup study

Cited by 92 publications

References 29 publications

Thyroid Nodules in Centenarians: Prevalence and Relationship to Lifestyle Characteristics and Dietary Habits

Thyroid Nodules in Centenarians: Prevalence and Relationship to Lifestyle Characteristics and Dietary Habits

Thyroid Аbnormalities in Primary Aldosteronism

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroid cysts among the general Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

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