Prevalence of swine Torque teno virus in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected and non-PMWS-affected pigs in Spain

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of swine Torque teno virus (TTV) in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected and non-affected Spanish swine. Nested PCR (nPCR) assays to detect two distinct TTV genogroups were applied. A significantly higher prevalence of TTV infection was found in sera from PMWS-affected animals (97 %) than in sera from non-PMWS-affected animals (78 %). Whilst PMWS-affected pigs (91 %) were more likely to be infected with TTV from genogroup 2 than non-PMWS-affected swine (72 %), no such difference was observed with genogroup 1. Nucleotide sequences of nPCR products were 91-99 % identical between strains within a genogroup. In contrast, inter-genogroup sequence identities were 49-58 %. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that genogroups form different clusters without association with PMWS or porcine circovirus type 2 infection status of the animals. These results indicate a high prevalence of both swine TTV genogroups in Spain, being present more frequently in PMWS-affected animals than in non-PMWS-affected animals.

Expression profile and subcellular localization of Torque teno sus virus proteins

“…It is believed that TTVs might influence the development of some diseases or even modulate the outcome of disease by being present in blood or tissues (Okamoto, 2009). Even a clear-cut pathogenic role for TTSuVs has not been demonstrated to date, its role during co-infection with other pathogens is under debate, especially with regards to porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) (Ellis et al, 2008;Kekarainen et al, 2006;Taira et al, 2009).…”

Quantitative Detection of Porcine Torque Teno Virus in Porcine Circovirus-2–Negative and Porcine Circovirus–Associated Disease-Affected Pigs

“…To check the detection limit of qPCR and compare the results, previously published nPCR methods for amplification of 39UTR of each TTV genogroup were used. 9 Nested PCR for TTV and PCR for PCV-2 were carried out with a commercial PCR kit. d Briefly, 1 ml of DNA, 1 ml of each primer of 10 pmol concentration, and 17 ml of DEPC-treated distilled water were mixed into a premix tube containing 2.5 U of Taq polymerase, 2.5 mM of each dNTP, 13 reaction buffer, and 13 gel loading buffer.…”

Infection Dynamics of <i>Torque Teno Sus Virus</i> Types <i>1</i> and <i>2</i> in Serum and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

“…TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 (TTSuVs) have been detected from serum, plasma, semen, faeces, colostrum, nasal secretion and various tissues [5,8,13,26,29,30] exclusively by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and different pig rearing countries have reported prevalence rate ranging from 24 to 100% [4,8,[14][15][16][17][24][25][26]. Limited longitudinal studies employing serum [17,26] and cross-sectional studies employing serum and tissues [1,8,9,27] have shown that TTSuV infection increases with age.…”

“…Limited longitudinal studies employing serum [17,26] and cross-sectional studies employing serum and tissues [1,8,9,27] have shown that TTSuV infection increases with age. However, little is known about primary infection with TTSuV and sites of viral persistence and reactivation after infection in the pigs, and to the best of our knowledge there is no report on the detection of TTSuVs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pigs.…”

“…DNA was extracted from 250 µl of the individual serum of sows, pSE (pSE contain sera of 3 pigs from same sow) and pPBMCs of their pigs by a sodium iodide method using a kit (Wako Chemicals, Tokyo, Japan). The nPCR for the detection of TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 was performed by using a method described previously [8,30]. Specific amplicons of TT-SuV1 (260 bp) and TTSuV2 (230 bp) were located after performing electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide.…”